Articles

Introduction
At least one article is seen in newspaper on obesity on daily basis; no other disease is searched (and articles are read on) as frequently as obesity. Such is the menace of obesity that even fast food giant McDonald's has put an advice in few of its offices “not to eat too much fast-food”. Obesity is defined as BMI (body mass index) 30kg\m2 or more. A person with a BMI between 25 and 29.9 are considered over weight but not obese. BMI is a simple index of weight-for-height that is commonly used to classify overweight and obesity in humans. It is also defined as a person’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of his height in meters (kg\m2). As per world health organization (WHO), BMI greater than or equal to 25 is overweight and BMI greater than or equal to 30 is obese. Obesity is a foremost health problem not only in developed nations but also in developing countries. It increases the risk of other diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular ailments, fatty liver and some forms of cancer1.

Obesity is now so common in various geographies that it is beginning to replace conditions arising from malnutrition and infectious diseases as the most significant contributor to ill health. Obesity is measured using BMI and further evaluated in terms of fat distribution via the waist–hip ratio and total cardiovascular risk factors2. BMI is closely related to both percentage body fat and total body fat3. The global epidemic of obesity results from an amalgamation of such factors as genetic susceptibility, increased availability of high-energy foods and diminished need of physical activity in prevailing situation in modern society. Obesity is no more a cosmetic issue affecting certain individuals, but a pandemic threatening global well being because it exacerbates a large number of health-related problems, both independently and in association with other ailments^4,5.

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Deepak Kumar*, Palak Kapoor
Shoolini University,
Solan, Himachal Pradesh
deepakkaushik354@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
The oral delivery of drugs having narrow absorption window in the gastro-intestinal tract is limited by poor bioavailability with conventional dosage forms due to incomplete drug release and short residence time at the time of absorption. To provide controlled delivery of drugs novel drug delivery systems have been developed. Different systems have been developed to increase the gastric residence time viz. floating system, mucoadhesive, high density, expandable. Among all oral dosage forms, liquid orals are more prone to low bioavailability due to fast transit time from stomach to duodenum. Sustained/Controlled delivery can be achieved by decrease in the transit time of the dosage form. This can be augmented by an approach of liquid in-situ gelling system. These in-situ formulations are the drug delivery systems that are in sol form before administration in the body, but when administered, undergo gelation, in-situ, to form a gel. Formation of gel depends on various factors viz. temperature modulation, pH change, presence of ions, ultra-violet irradiation, from which drug releases in a sustained and controlled fashion. Different polymers which can be used for formation of in-situ gel include gellan gum, alginic acid, xyloglucan, pectin, chitosan, poly-caprolactone, poly-lactic acid, poly-lactic-co-glycolide. This article presents a detailed review of introduction, approaches to achieve in situ gelling system, polymers used, evaluation parameters, advantages of in situ gelling system.

About Authors:
Languluri Reddenna¹*, Sree Nagavalli K^2
1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India-516003
²Department of Pharmacy Practice, S.J.M College of Pharmacy, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India-577502
*reddennapharmd@gmail.com

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About Authors:
Vanraj Thakor¹*, Jalpa Kher², Fenil Bhayani¹, Bhavini Atodaria¹, Malleshappa Noolvi^1
1Shree Dhanvantary college of pharmacy, Kim, Surat, Gujarat, India.
²Ashok & Rita Patel institute of Biotechnology, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
vanraj7777@gmail.com, jkher3333@gmail.com

Abstract
Aromatase and 17-ßHSD inhibitors are main target of pharmacological interest for the treatment of estrogen dependent cancers. Chalcones, Coumarins, Flavones, Isoflavones have been reported for such inhibition and are used for treatment of breast tumors. So in this topic, Flavone derivatives containing Imidathiadiazole, Thiadiazole, Triazole and benzimidazole hetrocycles synthesised by using simple laboratory reagents like 2-Hydroxy Acetophenone and 4-Hydroxy Benzaldehyde to convert chalcone leads to formation of Flavones by cyclazation using Microwave and followed by attachment of different hetrocycles to form Flavone derivatives and charactrarized by IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. These Flavone derivatives found to exhibit moderate to high inhibitory activity against Estrogen dependent cancers.

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About Authors:
¹Amita Pandey,²Dr. Shalini Tripathi
¹Research student of Rameshwaram Institute of Technology and Management, Sitapur Road, Lucknow (U.P.)
²Professor of Rameshwaram Institute of Technology and Management, Sitapur Road, Lucknow (U.P.)
pandey.amita2012@gmail.com

Abstract
The AIDS pandemic is one of the most disastrous health and development issue in our world today. Tissue culturing of medicinal plants is widely used to produce active compounds for herbal and pharmaceutical industries. Natural products provide a large reservoir for screening of anti-HIV agents with novel structure and anti-viral mechanism because of their structural diversity. This work reviews in vitro micro propagation techniques and gives examples of various commercially important medicinal plants. Advantages-To produce many copies in any time of the same plants then which may be used to produce plants with better flowers, odour’s, fruits or any other properties of the plants that is beneficial to the human beings. Conclusion- HIV is the most common untreated word wide disease in now a days and Plant tissue culture is most important technique for growing new plant species in proper aseptic condition which are useful for the cure of HIV. Acknowledgement- I would like to record my gratitude to my esteemed respected guide Dr. (Prof.) ShaliniTripathi, Department of Pharmacy, Rameshwaram Institute of Technology and Management

ABOUT AUTHOR
Akshay Rajgaria
Kanak Manjari Institute of pharmaceutical Sciences.
Rourkela, Orissa
akshaykrish2007@gmail.com