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  • Review on: THE PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING

    About Authors:
    Manoj,
    Shekhawati College of Pharmacy,
    Dundlod

    1) Introduction:
    Packaging can be defined as an economical means of providing presentation, protection, identification information, containment, convenience and compliance for a product during storage, carriage, display and until the product is consumed. Packaging must provide protection against climatic conditions biological, physical and chemical hazards and must be economical. The package must ensure adequate stability of the product throughout the shelf life.1

  • A recent review on enhancement of solubilization and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs by physical and chemical modifications

    About Authors:
    Tarun Garg, Ajay Bilandi,
    Seth G.L.Bihani S.D.college of technical education,
    Sri Ganganagar

    ABSTRACT
    The aim of this review is to improve the solubilization and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs by using various approaches like physical, chemical and others modifications or techniques. The solubility of a solute is the maximum quantity of solute that can dissolve in a certain quantity of solvent or quantity of solution at a specified temperature. Solubility is one of the important parameter to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for pharmacological response to be shown. Drug efficacy can be severely limited by poor aqueous solubility and some drugs also show side effects due to their poor solubility. There are many techniques which are used to enhance the aqueous solubility. The ability to increase aqueous solubility can thus be a valuable aid to increasing efficiency and/or reducing side effects for certain drugs. This is true for parenterally, topically and orally administered solutions. Physical modifications techniques like media milling/ nanocrystal technology, cryogenic technology, supercritical fluid process, modification of the crystal habit,complexation, micellar technologies, chemical modifications, other techniques like co-crystallization, cosolvency, hydrotrophy are used for increase the solubility of very soluble drugs like dolargin, loperamide, tubocurarine, doxorubicin, ibuprofen, griseofulvin, diazepam, naproxen, carbamazepine, nifedipine, phytosterol etc.

  • QUANTITATIVE DERTERMINATION IN COMPARISION OF RAMIPRIL IN PURE FORM WITH OTHER PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY USING RP – HPLC

    About Authors:
    Rajkumar Bolledula*, Priyanka.Mare1, Sunanda.Mare2
    *Department of pharmaceutical analysis, Assistant professor in MITS college of pharmacy, H.No.41-64-s, saibabanagar, Kurnool-518004, A.P, India.
    1.Department of pharmaceutics, Assistant professor, Mits college of pharmacy, Block .no.mc2/2, singareni colony, tekulapally,yellandu,khammam-507123,A.P,India
    2.Department of pharmacology, J.K.K.Natarajan college of pharmacy, Salem, Tamil Nadu

    ABSTRACT
    This article describes the quantitative determination of percentage of drug concentration in pure and in formulated pharmaceutical dosage forms by using RP-HPLC. Procedure does not require prior separation of components from the sample.The mobile phase consists of methanol-water (80:20 v/v) for RP-HPLC with injection volume of 20μl.The RP-HPLC method was developed on a C-8 (150x4.6mm) column with detection carried out by variable wavelength detector at 209nm and 220 nm for ramipril, cardace, odopril respectively…Thus the Rt values obtained for different dosage forms are 1.59,1.44,1.34,1.35…..respectively with the concentration of 100% for pure drug and 97.54%,91.03%,65.76%.......respectively.

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  • To find out penetration of transdermal preparation of boots ibuprofen gel (10%) at different frequencies on cellulose membrane using ultrasound device

    About Author:
    Mr. RAJU A. MODHAVADIYA
    School of Life Sciences
    University of Hertfordshire, UK

    Abstract:
    The main concept of the study was to find out the penetration of boots ibuprofen gel at different frequencies such as 20 kHz and 40 kHz through cellulose membrane exposed to ultrasound. Different sonicator bath were used for different frequencies. Ultrasound has been used to enhance penetration of ibuprofen from transdermal preparation. Boots ibuprofen gel was used in the experiment. Ibuprofen is a NSAIDs drug which is used to enhance healing effect against inflammation, pain and analgesics.
    Frequency, intensities, duty cycle are the important factor. In this experiment frequency variable was used. 20 kHz and 40 kHz frequencies were used in this experiment.Boots ibuprofen gel max (10%) was used to measure the penetration of ibuprofen through the cellulose membrane exposed to ultrasound. By using the Franz diffusion cell penetration of ibuprofen was found out. An amount of ibuprofen permeated through cellulose membrane was found out using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).       Penetration of  ibuprofen was found out more lower frequency.  However the penetration ibuprofen also increase compare to control in first hour. The ANOVA result: sample assuming equal variances were performed to find out significance difference (P<0.05) between control and different ultrasound frequencies and also the rate gradients were measured. The P value got for the control and 40 kHz frequency was 0.123, which indicate that there is no significance difference observed for permeation of ibuprofen from gel . P value of control and 20 kHz frequency applying for 2 min was 0.05 which was similar P value, which shows that nearly significance observed between two value. The P value of control and 20 kHz for 5 minute was 0.002 which indicate that there was a significance observed between this two value.   From the result it shows that lower frequency with more time give good penetration result.

  • Development and Validation of HPTLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Atorvastatin Calcium and Olmesartan Medoxomil in Tablet Dosage Form

    About Author:
    D. J. Kalena*, C. N. Patel
    Department of Quality Assurance,
    Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College,

    Near arvind baug, Mehsana - 384 001, Gujarat, India

    A simple, precise, accurate and rapid high performance thin layer chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of atorvastatin calcium and olmesartan medoxomil in combined dosage forms. The stationary phase used was TLC aluminium plate precoated with silica gel 60F254. The mobile phase used was a mixture of acetonitrile: chloroform: methanol: 10% glacial acetic acid (7: 2: 1.5: 0.1 v/v/v/v). The system was found to give compact spot for both atorvastatin and olmesartan (Rf value 0.5±0.01 and 0.76±0.02 respectively). The densitometric analysis of spot was carried out in reflectance mode at 253 nm. The method was validated in terms of linearity, specificity, precision, robustness and accuracy. The calibration curve was found to be linear in the range of 200 to 800 ng/spot for atorvastatin and 400 to 1600 ng/spot for olmesartan. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification for the atorvastatin were found to be 178.239 and 540.11 ng/spot and for olmesartan 40.10 and 121.51 ng/spot, respectively. The proposed method can be successfully used to determine the drug content of marketed tablet formulation.

  • CANCER THERAPY BY USING VARIOUS NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS

    About Author:
    YOGESH KUMAR SHARMA*1,  ANIL SHARMA2,
    1. SIDDHI VINAK COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & HIGHER EDUCATION ALWAR,
    2. GAYAN VIHAR COLLEGE OF PHARMACY JAIPUR, RAJASTHAN

    Abstract
    Oxidation is a natural process that occurs anytime a substance combines with oxygen like the browning of sliced apples or rusting of metals. When it occurs constantly, putting our health at risk. Antioxidants are substances that may protect cells from the damage caused by unstable molecules known as free radicals. Free radical damage may lead to cancer. Antioxidants interact with and stabilize free radicals & may prevent some of the damage free radicals otherwise might cause cancer. Antioxidants are abundant in fruits and vegetables, as well as in other foods including nuts, grains ands some meats, poultry and fish. The battle to conquer cancer is an international effort for the treatment of cancer. Currently we have about 30 chemotherapeutic agents and out of these nearly one third are natural products.The aim of this review is to know that how might antioxidants prevent cancer. So prospective study of antioxidants, & its mechanism and potential  use in cancer therapy is presented.

  • METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND ITS VALIDATION FOR ESTIMATION OF SPIRONOLACTONE IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM BY UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

    About Author:
    Kapil Sharma1*, Yogesh Sharma2, Anju Goyal1
    1
    B. N. College of Pharmacy
    Udaipur - 313002, Rajasthan, India.
    2Yaresun Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd.,
    Jaipur - 302006, Rajasthan, India.

    Abstract
    This paper describe a simple, precise and economical spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of spironolactone (SPL) in tablet dosage form. Method is based on the estimation of SPL in 50 % v/v methanol in distilled water at 238 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 2-24 µg/ml. The accuracy of the method was assessed by recovery studies and was found to be 100.55±1.27 for SPL. Results of the analysis were validated statistically so that it can be used for routine analysis of SPL in tablet dosage form.

  • SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION AND VALIDATION OF TELMISARTAN AND RAMIPRIL IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY RP – HPLC AND HPTLC

    About Author:
    B. Raj kumar*, M. Priyanka1, K. V. Subrahmanyam2, Syed Mujtaba Ahmed3, Ch. RakeshReddy1, R. Prem Sagar1

    *Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
    Mits College of Pharmacy, kodad, Nalgonda

    1. Department of Pharmaceutics
    Mits College of Pharmacy, Kodad, Nalgonda
    2. Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
    PIPS, Suryapet, Nalgonda
    3. Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry
    Netaji college of Pharmacy, Choutuppal, Nalgonda

    Abstract:
    The present work deals with the studies carried out on the development, optimization and validation of RP-HPLC and HPTLC methods for the simultaneous estimation of Telmisartan and Ramipril in combined dosage form. Market is folded with combination of drugs in various dosage forms. The multi-components formulations have gained a lot of importance now days due to greater patient acceptability, increased potency, multiple action, fewer side effects and quicker reliefs. For simultaneous estimation of drugs present in multi-component dosage form, High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and High Pressure Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) methods are considered to be most suitable since it is extremely precise, accurate, sensitive, linear and rapid.  The literature survey carried out and it revealed that several analytical methods have been reported for estimation of these drugs as individual or in combination with other drugs. So the objective of the work is to develop HPLC and HPTLC methods for simultaneous estimation of drugs in multi-component dosage form for which no analytical method has been previously reported. Hence, present study have been planned to develop a specific, precise, accurate, linear, simple and rapid HPLC and HPTLC methods for simultaneous estimation of Telmisartan and Ramipril in tablet dosage form.

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  • Strategies & Considerations for Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation Using LCMS / MS - A Review

    About Author: Rahul Sharma (M.Pharm - Pharmaceutics)
    Lord Shiva College of Pharmacy, Sirsa, Haryana (India)

    Abstract:
    Bioanalysis, employed for the quantitative determination of drugs and their metabolites in biological fluids, plays a significant role in the evaluation and interpretation of bioequivalence, pharmacokinetic (PK), and toxicokinetic studies. The quality of these studies, which are often used to support regulatory filings, is directly related to the quality of the underlying bioanalytical data (1).  It is essential to employ well-characterized and fully validated analytical methods to yield reliable results which can be satisfactorily interpreted as well as to emphasize that each analytical technique has its own characteristics, which will vary from analyte to analyte (2).

  • Development of Metoprolol Tartrate Microspehere for Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery System

    About Author: Binit V. Patel1*, D. S. Patel2
    1. Sri Satya Sai College of Pharmacy - Sehore
    2. Shree Leuva Patel Trust Pharmacy Mahila College – Amreli

    Metoprolol tartrate is a selective β1 adrenergic antagonist. It lacks interensic sympathomimetic activity and to have little or no membrane stabilizing activity and is widely used to treat essential hypertension. It completely absorbed from gastrointestinal tract but is subjected to considerable first pass metabolism and half life is 3 to 4 hr.

    The objective for the designing mucoadhesive microspehere is to release the drug over extended period of time in order to avoid first pass metabolism for improving in bioavailability and improve patient compliance.

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