Nigeria

6 June 2019

PRESCRIPTION PATTERN OF ANTIBIOTICS IN PAEDIATRIC WARDS OF A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN NORTH WEST NIGERIA : A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

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ABOUT AUTHORS
A.H Ahmed (1), Y.I Alkali (2) U.M Danmusa (3)
¹Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto- Nigeria
²Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto- Nigeria
³Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Kaduna-Nigeria

ABSTRACT
The main aim of this study was to evaluate the prescribing pattern of antibiotics in pediatric patients. A retrospective analysis of patients with bacterial infections admitted into the Paediatric Wards over a period of 3months. Files of 100 patients were randomly selected and included in this study. A proforma was used for data collection, information retrieved from patients records include: Demographic Data, Culture and Sensitivity pattern, Clinical Information, Duration of Hospital Stay, Outcome, type, Class and Route of administration of antibiotics. Out of the 100 patients included in this study, 35(35%) were below one year, 50(50%) were between 1-5years and 15(15%) were between 6-12years. More patients between the ages of 1-5years were admitted with bacterial infections. Out of the 100 patients included in this study 63 (63%) were males and 37(37%) were females. Out of the 100 patients, 27(27%) had septicemia, 48(48%) bronchopneumonia, 6(6%) osteomyelitis, 14(14%) had mixed infections. The remaining patients had urinary tract infection, upper respiratory tract infection and typhoid enteritis. In a total of 229 prescriptions, only 38 (16.6%) were prescribed based on culture result. Most of the antibiotic prescriptions were based on clinical diagnosis, not on culture and sensitivity pattern. In present study 83% of antibiotics were administered by parenteral route and 17% by oral route. The Cephalosporins were the most prescribed antibiotics. Cefuroxime 63(27%) was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic. Ampicillin with Sulbactam was found to be the most frequently prescribed drug combination
16 February 2019

IN SILICO PHARMACOKINETICS AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES OF LEAD COMPOUNDS DERIVED FROM DIOSPYROS MESPILIFORMIS

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Aliyu Hamidu Ahmed¹, Yusuf Ibrahim Alkali²
¹Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethno pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto- Nigeria
²Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto- Nigeria.

ABSTRACT
Pharmacokinetics and toxicity profile along with efficacy are the major determinants for successful drug development. This study was carried out to determine the pharmacokinetic profile, potential biological activities and toxicity of diospyrin, lupeol and plumbagin using in silico approaches. The Swiss ADME tool was used to calculate the molecular properties of the ligands based on Lipinski’s rule of five (5).All ligands in the present study satisfied the rule. Using the Swiss ADME tool, the pharmacokinetic profile of the compounds was evaluated. Protox-II server was used to predict the organ toxicities and toxicological end points of the ligands and their LD50. Plumbagin is found to have both mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Lupeol and diospyrin are reported to be immunotoxic. Lupeol has LD50 of 2000mg/kg. Diospyrin and plumbagin have 16mg/kg. Swiss target prediction server was used to identify the various potential target. The target prediction suggests that plumbagin and lupeol have high preference for Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT). The best target for diospyrin was Aurora kinase A. Molecular docking study was conducted using AutoDock vina in The Python Prescription (PyRx) 0.8 virtual screening tool. Plumbagin and lupeol were docked against Microtubule associated protein tau. The dockings scores based on binding energy were; plumbagin -33.8 (kcal/mole) and lupeol -44.7 (kcal/mole). Diospyrin showed a binding energy of -10.7 (kcal/mole) against Aurora A kinase. Results in this study suggest that diospyrin may serve as an important aurora kinase inhibitor while lupeol and plumbagin may be useful in treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
15 October 2015

EFFECTS OF GARLIC EXTRACTS ON THE MYOCARDIUM OF LEFT VENTRICLE OF THE HEART OF HIGH SALT FED ADULT WISTAR RATS

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
*Saka, O. S; Olayode, A. A; Adelodun, S. T
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology,
Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
olusolasaka1@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of garlic extracts on the morphology of myocardium of left ventricle of the heart and also determine the body weight and relative weight of the organs on high salt fed adult Wistar rats. Twenty-five healthy female Wistar rats weighing 130-180 g were randomly assigned into 5 groups of 5 rats each (Groups A, B, C, D and E). Rats in group A was fed with standard laboratory pellets, while groups B, C, D and E were fed on the high-salt diet for five weeks. Thereafter, daily administration of 50 mg kg^-1, 100 mg kg^-1 and 150 mg kg^-1 of the garlic extract were giving orally to groups C, D and E respectively for 3 weeks. The rats were sacrificed under ketamine anesthesia (5mg/kg i.m). The left ventricle of the heart was excised, processed routinely in paraffin wax and stained with routine special stained. Result showed significant decreased (p<0.05) in weight of all high salt fed groups when (F=46.90, p<0.05) compared with control. Whereas, treatment with garlic extract help in weight management in high salt fed+garlic extract treated groups and also no significant difference (p<0.05) in the relative heart weight when (F=1.773, p<0.05) compared the control with other groups. Histological results revealed morphological alterations in the left ventricle in high salt fed group. In conclusion, Garlic extract has ameliorative property at the level of 100 mg kg^-1 or 150 mg kg^-1 of the extract on high salt fed induced cardiac injury.
25 September 2015

BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF MANGIFERA INDICA (LINN) ON THE LIVER OF PLASMODIUM - INFECTED ALBINO MICE

ABOUT AUTGHORS:
*Olayode, Ahmed A¹; Ofusori, David A¹; Ogunniyi, Titus A. B²; Saka, Olusola S¹; Ajayi, Olusoji C³; Adewole, Oluwole S¹
¹Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
²Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
³Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
*olayodeahmed01@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to assess the biochemical effects of Mangifera indica on the liver function enzymes of Plasmodium – infected albino mice. Forty-two male Swiss albino mice, weighing between 20 and 25 g, were used for this research. The mice were randomly assigned into six groupsA, B, C, D, E and F of seven mice each. Groups B, C, D, E and F were infected with Plasmodium berghei. Group A was the negative control, group B was positive control. Mice in groups C, D and E were orally administered with Mangifera indica(MI) extract (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg body weight) respectively for 5 days starting from the 4th day of inoculation while mice in group F were orally administered with Artesunate for 5 days (3 mg/kg body weight on the first day and 1.5 mg/kg body weight for the next 4 days) starting from the 4th day of inoculation. The animals were left for another 14 days after treatment. Blood samples, collected through cardiac puncture, were centrifuged to obtain sera. Activities of ALT, AST and ALP as well as bilirubin concentration were measured from the sera using enzyme colorimetric methods. Dataobtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Mangifera indica extract has an ameliorative effect on the serum level of total bilirubin concentration but appeared to be less effective in reducing the activities of the liver function enzymes.
18 November 2014

Job as Country Manager in PharmaEthics

PharmaEthics Ltd is a pharmaceutical company involved in marketing and distribution of pharmaceutical products in Nigeria. We get finished formulations from India.
We have a team 35 Medical Reps and cover entire Nigeria. Our product portfolio involves Antihypertensives, AntiMalarials, Haemetinic, Antioxidant supplement, Antibiotics etc. The company is owned by Indian directors.

Post: Country Manager
28 January 2014

AFRICAN HERBAL PLANTS USED AS ANTI-MALARIAL AGENTS - A REVIEW

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About Authors:
Enegide Chinedu*, David Arome, Solomon F. Ameh
Department of Science Laboratory Technology (Physiology & Pharmacology Technology),
University of Jos, Jos Nigeria
*chinex.snow@gmail.com

Abstract
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by single-celled obligate parasite known as Plasmodiumand is transmitted to man through the vector Anophelesmosquito. It has persistently been a major public health problem to the global community. As estimate has shown that globally, about 3.3 billion people were at risk of malaria in the year 2011. It has now been ranked among the world's top killer infectious diseases and remains the most prominent cause of death and illness in Africa particularly among pregnant women and children under the age of five years. Due to the development of drug-resistance by the malaria parasites and also the development of resistance to various insecticides by the vector, development of new antimalarial agents is imperative and herbal plants have for long been a major source of new drug discovery. Consequently, in various African countries, several plants have been reported to be having antimalarial effects and are being applied traditionally as antimalarial agents. The purpose of this review article therefore, is to collate and document different plants used traditionally as antimalarials in six African countries (Nigeria, Ghana, Ethopia, Benin, Cameroon and Togo). One hundred and fifteen herbal plants from the six African countries have been captured in this article due to their local usage as antimalarial agents. The array of medicinal plants employed as antimalarial agents in Africa, unveils a promising source for the development of new and better antimalarial drugs. Scientific investigations should therefore be carried-out on them.

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8 October 2013

HERBAL PLANTS A RELIABLE SOURCE FOR DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT

About Authors:
Enegide Chinedu*, David Arome, Solomon F. Ameh
Department of Science Laboratory Technology (Physiology & Pharmacology Technology),
University of Jos, Jos Nigeria.
*chinex.snow@gmail.com

Abstract
Though remarkable success have been achieved in the discovery and development of various drugs for the treatment and management of several ailments, there is still need for more discoveries. This is due to the reason that some of the drugs currently in use posseses one or more of the following drawbacks (i) high toxicity level (ii) increase lose of effectiveness or low efficacy (iii) costly or (iv) inaccessable. Herbs have now become the main stream for drug discovery and development. Conservative estimate have revealed that there are over 250,000 higher plant species, and only a minute proportion have been screened exhaustively for their possible therapeutic properties. Atleast, over 120 unique pharmacological substances derived from plants are currently being used as drugs in various countries in the world. Apart from the direct use of plant derivatives as therapeutic agents, they can also serve as models for the design, synthesis or semisynthesis of other therpeutic agents. In conclusion, herbs are a reliable source for more discovery and development of new drugs. The scientific community should therefore harness this resource by improving research on it.
25 July 2011

Vacancies in Meyer Organics Pvt. Ltd. for the Post of Manager – Medical Services, Product Manager/Executive (Meyer), Asst. Manager/ Sr. Executive – International Marketing, Data Entry Operator (Temporary ), Area Field Manager, Regional Manager, MR

Meyer, an associate of London based multinational Vitabiotics Ltd.,is a rapidly growing Pharma Co. in India. Leading pharmaceutical manufacturer, founded in 1982 .,in technical collaboration with OMEGA-MEYER Ltd Jersey( Br. Isles). H.O. based in THANE