Articles

1 October 2012

EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ISAPGOL AGAINST DIET INDUCED UROLITHIASIS IN RATS.

About Authors:
*SOUMYA G., SRINIVAS S., NAVEEN KUMAR M., KRISHNA MOHAN C.
Department of Pharmacology,
St. John College of Pharmacy, Warangal,
Andhra Pradesh, India-5067371.
*sre_varma123@yahoo.co.in

Introducion:
Kidney stone formation or urolithiasis is a complex process that is a consequence of an imbalance between promoters and inhibitors in the kidneys. Even though the technological developments in the present medical practice the formation and growth of renal calculi continues to afflict humankind. Though various kinds of stone have been identified, calcium stones are the most common in human as well as rats. The rat experimental models of Calcium oxalate urolithiasis, induced by ethylene glycol alone, or in combination with other drugs such as ammonium chloride are often used to study the pathogenesis of kidney crystal deposition. The urolithiasis was induced by administration of gentamycin and calculi producing diet (5% ammonium oxalate in standard rat pellet feed) for 28 days to rats’ results in hyperoxaluria, Calcium oxalate crystalluria, and occasional deposition of CaOx crystals in the kidney.
1 October 2012

VARIOUS PREPARATION TECHNIQUE OF POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLE

About Authors:
*Avanish kumar dubey, Amit singh
R.V. Northland Institute dadri,
G.B. Nagar UP
*avpharma001@gmail.com

Abstract
Polymer nanoparticles have attracted the interest of researcher and have been utilized the increasing number of field. Generally two main strategies are employed for the preparation of polymeric nanoparticles. either polymerization of monomers or the dispersion of pre-form polymers. Various techniques can be used to produce polymeric nanoparticles such as salting out method, double desolvation method, ionic gelation method, cross linked nanoparticles, nanoparticle by super critical fluid, emulsification and solvent evaporation method. The choice of method depends on a number of factor such as particle size, particle size distribution, area of application, nature of polymer etc. This review cover the general description on various methods of the preparation of polymeric nanoparticle.
30 September 2012

STEM CELLS AND PEPTIDES TO BRAIN VIA INTRASNASAL ROUTE

About Authors:
Ms.Pratibha Chohan*, Mr.Prashant Mutha
B.Pharmacy, G. D. Memorial College of Pharmacy, Jodhpur.
*pmuthabiotech@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Brain is tightly segregated from the circulating blood by a unique membranous barrier, the blood – brain barrier (BBB). Many pharmaceuticals cannot be efficiently delivered to, or sustained within the brain; hence they are ineffective in treating a plethora of cerebral diseases. Therefore, drug delivery methods that can provide drug delivery to brain or eventually preferential brain delivery (i.e. brain targeting) are of particular interest. One technique that holds promise for bypassing the BBB to deliver drugs to the brain and eliminating the surgical risk and the spillover effect of drug to normal tissue is the intranasal delivery.

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28 September 2012

ARTIFICIAL VIRAL ENVELOPES: EMERGING VEHICLE FOR GENE DELIVERY

About Authors:
AMOL D.GHOLAP^*1, DATTATRAY TUPE²
¹Department of Pharmaceutics, Vamanrao Ithape D. Pharmacy College,
Velhale, Tal- Sangamner, Dist- Ahmednagar, MS-422605, India.
²Department of Regulatory Affairs, Lupin Limited,
Kalina, Santakruz (E), Mumbai, MS, India-400098.
*amolgholap16@yahoo.com

Abstract
The several evolutions in the field of medicine develop different cellular mechanisms for striking along with entering the target cells with efficiency. The utilization of recombinenet adenovirus as carriers for cDNA induces dose along with therapy limiting of defense mechanisms. Artificial viral envelopes (AVE) are lipid vesicles which mimic with fusogenic envelop of retrovirus to utilize as target selectivity along with efficiency of delivery of viruses. The major component of AVE includes phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyiserine along with sphingomyelins. The negative charge is present on AVE’s help them for targeting the moieties such as viral binding proteins. The artificial viral envelopes show potential applications in plasmid delivery.
28 September 2012

COLLOIDOSOMES: A POTENTIAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

About Authors:
AMOL D.GHOLAP^*1, DATTATRAY TUPE²
¹ Department of Pharmaceutics, Vamanrao Ithape D. Pharmacy College, Velhale, Tal- Sangamner, Dist- Ahmednagar, MS-422605, India.
² Department of Regulatory Affairs, Lupin Limited, Kalina,
Santakruz (E), Mumbai, MS, India-400098.
*amolgholap16@yahoo.com

Abstracts
There are several newer lipid based systems are evoked and utilized now a days as dryg delivery systems like liposomes, transferosomes, ethosomes etc which provides effective solutions for problem regarding insolubility, instability, rapid degradation along with has wide application in the specialized area consisting protein delivery, targeting to the brain, and tumor targeting. This lipid based systems also utilized in for gene delivery with efficient performance while in this field the colloidosomes evoked as potential tool based on the vascular drug delivery system. There are several applications of vascular systems are present including reduction in the cost of therapy via improved bioavailability of medication generally in the case of poorly soluble drugs. The colloidosomes have several beneficial advantages like greater encapsulation efficiency with wide control on the size along with permeability and compatibility. The colloidosomes also have effective mechanical strength.
27 September 2012

ANALYSIS BY INSTRUMENTAL ANALYTICAL METHODS

About Authors:
Kapil Sharma^*1, Subhash Gupta²
¹Yaresun Pharmaceutical Pvt. Ltd.,India.
²Oasis test house ltd.jaipur-302006,rajasthan,india.
*pharma_kapil@rediffmail.com

INTRODUCTION
Most of the manufacturing industries rely upon both qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis to ensure that the raw material used meet certain specification, and also to check quality of the final product. The unwanted compound may be harmful to manufacturing process or may appear as a harmful impurity in the final product.¹

A quantitative analysis is performed to establish the proportion of the essential component in the raw material. The final manufactured product is analyzed to ensure that its essential component is present within a predetermined range of composition and impurities do not exceed certain specified limit.
27 September 2012

FORMULATION DESIGN, MANUFACTURE CRITERIA AND REQUIREMENT OF VARIOUS TYPES OF TABLET

About Authors:
¹Sahu Deepak*, ²Ketawat Santosh
¹Ass.Professor, Geetanjali Institute of Pharmacy,
²Lecturer, Geetanjali Institute of Pharmacy,
Dabok, Udaipur [Rajasthan] – 313022
*deepak.sahu.bhl@gmail.com

Abstract
Tablet is the most preferred oral dosage form, due to many advantages it offers to formulators as well as physicians and patients. However, the process of manufacturing tablets is complex. Hence, careful consideration has to be given to select right process, and right excipients to ultimately give a robust, high productivity and regulatory compliant product of good quality.
26 September 2012

INCIDENCE AND PREVENTION OF POSTOPERATIVE ADHESIONS

About Authors:
¹Robin Sharma*, ¹Ajay Kumar, ²Dr. Bharat Prashar
¹M.Pharm (Pharmacology)
²Head of Pharmacy Department
Manav Bharti University, Solan.
*sharmarobin@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT
Postoperative adhesions are a significant health problem with major implications on quality of life, health care and expenses on treatment. The purpose of this review was to investigate the incidence of post operative adhesions and the treatment measures such as efficacy of preventative techniques and adhesion barriers. The National Library of Medicine, Medline and A-Z databases were used to identify articles related to postoperative adhesions. Ileal pouch–anal anastomosis, open colectomy, and open gynecologic procedures are associated with the highest risk of adhesive small-bowel obstruction (class I evidence). Based on expert opinion (class III evidence) intraoperative preventative principles, such as meticulous haemostasis, avoiding excessive tissue dissection and ischemia, and reducing remaining surgical material such as powdered gloves have been published. Laparoscopic techniques, result in fewer adhesions than laparotomy techniques (class I evidence). Available bioabsorbable barriers, such as hyaluronic acid/carboxymethylcellulose, have been shown to reduce adhesions (class I evidence). Postoperative adhesions are a significant health problem after the surgery. General intraoperative preventative techniques, laparoscopic techniques, and the use of bioabsorbable mechanical barriers in the appropriate cases reduce the incidence and severity of peritoneal adhesions and post operative adhesions.

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26 September 2012

Nanoparticles: An Overview

About Authors:
Mahek Goel
Shri Baba Mastnath Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Research
Asthal Bohar, Rohtak, Haryana (124001)
mahekgoel10@gmail.com

Abstract:
Nanoparticles are the preparations having size in nanometers. Particulate systems like nanoparticles have been used as a physical approach to alter and improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of various types of drug molecules. They have been used in vivo to protect the drug entity in the systemic circulation, restrict access of the drug to the chosen sites and to deliver the drug at a controlled and sustained rate to the site of action. Various polymers have been used in the formulation of nanoparticles for drug delivery research to increase therapeutic benefit, while minimizing side effects. Here, we review various aspects of nanoparticle formulation, characterization, effect of their characteristics, drug loading, in vitro release profile and their applications in delivery of drug molecules and therapeutic genes.
24 September 2012

SUSTAINED RELEASE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM : A CONCISE REVIEW

About Authors:
LILESH KHALANE^*, ATUL ALKUNTE, ARUNADEVI BIRAJDAR
Adarsh Shikshan Prasarak Mandal’s, K. T. Patil college of Pharmacy,
Siddhartha Nagar, Barshi Road,
Osmanabad – 413501.
^*lileshkhalane@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
As a very few drugs are coming out of research and development and already existing drugs are suffering the problem of resistance due to their irrational use. Hence, change in the operation is a suitable and optimized way to make the some drug more effective by slight alternation in the drug delivery. Presently pharmaceutical industries are focusing on development of sustained release formulations due to its inherent boons. Sustained release dosage forms are designed to release a drug at a predetermined rate by maintaining a constant drug level for a specific period of time with minimum side effects. The basic rationale of sustained release drug delivery system optimizes the biopharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties of a drug in such a way that its utility is maximized, side-effects are reduced and cure of the disease is achieved. There are several advantages of sustained release drug delivery over conventional dosage forms like improved patient compliance due to less frequent drug administration, reduction of fluctuation in steady-state drug levels, maximum utilization of the drug, increased safety margin of potent drug, reduction in healthcare costs through improved therapy and shorter treatment period. The basic goal of sustained release is provide promising way to decrease the side effect of drug by preventing the fluctuation of the therapeutic concentration of the drug in the body and increase patient compliance by reducing frequency of dose. This article contains the basic information regarding sustained-release formulation and also the different types of the same.