Articles

About Authors:
Patel Chirag J^1*, Satyanand Tyagi², Patel Jaimin^1
1Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jaipur, Rajasthan.
²President, Tyagi Pharmacy Association & Scientific Writer (Pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India.
*chirag.bangalore@gmail.com, +918000501871

ABSTRACT:
Now a day about 74% of drugs are taken orally and are found not to be as effective as desired either due to bioavailability problems or degradation of drug in acidic pH of stomach. To resolve such problems, transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) was emerged. Transdermal drug delivery systems are dosage forms involves drug transport to viable epidermal and dermal tissues of the skin for local therapeutic effect while a very major fraction of drug is transported into the systemic blood circulation. Transdermal drug delivery systems, also known as ‘‘patches,’’ are dosage forms designed to deliver a therapeutically effective amount of drug across a patient’s skin. This review article provides an overview of TDDS, advantages, limitations, various components of TDDS, methods of preparation, types of transdermal patches, factors affecting transdermal permeation, evaluation parameters and new approaches in TDDS.

About Authors:
*Kalpesh Ashara, Jignesh Solanki
B.K.Mody Govt.Pharmacy College Rajkot,
Department of Pharmaceutics,GTU, Gujarat, India.
*kalpeshshr5@gmail.com

Abstract:
Microspheres are solid spherical particles containing a dispersed drug in organic solution fall in a range of 1-1000mm. Microspheres or micro particles are monolithinic device refer to a rate controlling matrix throughout the drug is dissolved or dispersed, while microcapsules are device which consists of cell-like dosage forms with the drug contain within the rate controlling membrane. Microspheres are prepared by several methods. Here Microspheres are prepared using a surface active agent SLS. Then Evaluation of Microspheres is carried out by means of several parameters. Then concluded that the diclofenac: polymer ratio of 1:2 & organic solvent (MeOH: DCM) ratio of 1:4 was found to be optimum for spherical shape of microspheres as well as Practical Yield.

About Authors:
Arshad Hala*, Prof. Rajesh Dholpuria, Nilesh Sovasia
¹Seth G. L. Bihani S. D. College Of Technical Education,
Institute Of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research,
Gaganpath, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan 335001
*Arshad_hala@yahoo.com

1. INTRODUCTION:-
1.1. Origin:-
Contract manufacturing is defined as the manufacture (or partial manufacturer) of a product to the order of one person or organization (the contract giver or customer) by another independent person or organization (contract acceptor or principle manufacturer). Manufacture in this context is identified as the act of processing or packaging a medicinal product or device to a given specification.(Shah, D.H., 2000)

Contract manufacturing should be consideration as an extension of the principal manufacturer’s operation. Consequently the principal manufacturer should require the same standards of good manufacturing practices (GMP) for a contractor’s operation as he would his own. In addition, the customer must ensure that the principle manufacturer holds the relevant legal authorizations for the work to be carried out.(Shah, D.H., 2000)

The responsibility and activities undertaken by each party need to be clearly stated in a formal agreement, separate from but additional to the legal business contract formed by the placement of an order. Commercial matters need to be appreciated as being distinct from technical matter and need to be detailed separately with due consideration for compliance with local legislation.(Shah, D.H., 2000)

About Authors:
Patel Chirag J^1*, Satyanand Tyagi^2
1Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jaipur, Rajasthan.
²President, Tyagi Pharmacy Association & Scientific Writer (pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India.
*chirag.bangalore@gmail.com, +918000501871

ABSTRACT
The basic rationale of sustained release drug delivery system optimizes the biopharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a drug in such a way that its utility is maximized, side-effects are reduced and cure of the disease is achieved. There are several advantages of sustained release drug delivery over conventional dosage forms like improved patient compliance due to less frequent drug administration, maximum utilization of the drug, increased safety margin of potent drug, reduction of fluctuation in steady-state drug levels, reduction in healthcare costs through improved therapy and shorter treatment period.Presently pharmaceutical industries are focusing on development of sustained release formulations due to its inherent boons.Wide varieties of polymers are available for retarding the release rate of drugs hence sustains the action of drugs. This article contains the basic information regarding sustained-release formulation, its advantages, different types, and characteristics involved in oral sustained-release dosage form design.

About Authors:
Amardeep Sharma
Rathi Orthopaedic & research centre,
Ahmedabad, India
amardeep.sharma54@gmail.com
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ABSTRACT:-
The knowledge of breast cancer development and progression has grown in recent years and relatively development of novel therapeutic strategies, but for cancer mortalities in women breast cancer stands at 2^nd position as cause.
In U.S. Approximately 39970 women & 450 men in the U.S. will be diagnosed from the disease in 2011.^[1] Breast cancer is a hormone dependent disease.^[3] Breast cancer occurs when breast epithelial cells grows in abnormal way. HER2/neu, ER, PR, BRCA1, BRCA2 are the well known influencing factors responsible for breast cancer initiation. The major issues that limit the currently available breast cancer treatment are high cost, poor availability and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. To overcome this problem researchers are working on several novel approaches i.e. “Novel drug targets & Novel target therapies”.
Since from past few years, mammogram is playing a huge role for decreasing incidence rate in developed countries. Breast cancer is adversely affecting the “quality of life” of patients and its impact has been increasing on the Social capital, population structure and economic growth. Need for novel anti breast cancer agent and novel early diagnosis technique is necessary to combat one of the most serious crises facing Human development.

About Authors:
Aman sharma*, Dr. Sunil sharma
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Guru Jambeshwar University of Science and Technology,
Hisar-125001, Haryana(INDIA)
*amansharma67@rediffmail.com

ABSTRACT
The aqueous extract of the Adansonia digitata (Linn.) leaf was tested for hepatoprotective activity against chemical toxicity with CCl₄ in rats. The aqueous extract exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity and consumption of Adansonia digitata leaf may play an important part in human resistance to liver damage in areas in which the plant is consumed . The mechanism of liver protection is unknown, but could possibly result from triterpenoids, b-sitosterol, b-amyrin palmitate, or/and a-amyrin, and ursolic acid in the leaf.Adansonia digitata leaves are superior in nutritional quality to fruit pulp, and contain significant levels of vitamin A. The leaves are a staple for many populations in Africa, and are eaten fresh or dried. Several plant parts have interesting anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and baobab has been used extensively since ancient times in traditional medicine.

About Authors:
Mr. Satyanand Tyagi*, Patel Chirag J¹, Asheesh Singh²
*President, Tyagi Pharmacy Association & Scientific Writer (pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
Prof. Satyanand Tyagi is a life time member of various pharmacy professional bodies like IPA, APTI and IPGA. He has published various research papers and review articles. His academic works include 52 Publications (44 Review Articles and 08 Research Articles of Pharmaceutical, Medicinal and Clinical Importance, published in standard and reputed National and International Pharmacy journals; Out of 52 publications, 11 are International Publications).
He has published his papers almost in different specialization of Pharmacy field...His research topics of interest are neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes mellitus, cancer, rare genetic disorders, psycho-pharmacological agents as well as epilepsy.
¹Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302020.
²Research Associate, Center for Research and Development, Ipca Laboratories Ltd Ratlam, Madhya Pradesh, India-457114.
*sntyagi9 @yahoo.com, +91-9871111375 / 9582025220

ABSTRACT:
Prior studies have suggested that depressed people with evidence of high inflammation are less likely to respond to traditional treatments for the disorder, including anti-depressant medications and psychotherapy. This study was designed to see whether blocking inflammation would be a useful treatment for either a wide range of people with difficult-to-treat depression or only those with high levels of inflammation. The study employed infliximab, one of the new biologic drugs used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. A biologic drug copies the effects of substances naturally made by the body's immune system. In this case, the drug was an antibody that blocks tumour necrosis factor (TNF), a key molecule in inflammation that has been shown to be elevated in some depressed individuals. Study participants all had major depression and were moderately resistant to conventional antidepressant treatment. Each participant was assigned either to infliximab or to a non-active placebo treatment. When investigators looked at the results for the group as a whole, no significant differences were found in the improvement of depression symptoms between the drug and placebo groups. However, when the subjects with high inflammation were examined separately, they exhibited a much better response to infliximab than to placebo.

About Authors:
Hitesh Chopra*
A.S.B.A.S.J.S.M. College Of Pharmacy Bela Ropar.
chopraontheride@gmail.com

Abstract
The first and the second generation type of dosage forms had been found to have lower efficacy of drug reaching to the targeted tissue this lead to need for third generation drug delivery system which contains the liposomes, microspheres, microcapsules, nanodiamonds etc. with these type of drug delivery system it had been found to have better patient compliance and reduced side effects. The present paper  deals with the same as there is first formation of Metformin double emulsion and then precipitation of the drug from the polymeric solution. In this study challenge was to encapsulate Metformin with high entrapment efficiency by w/o/o double emulsion solvent diffusion technique using non-aqueous processing media. The primary requirement of this method to obtain microsphere is that selected solvent for polymer must be immiscible with non aqueous processing media, so to fulfill the requirement.