Pharmaceutics Articles

About Author:
K. Sravan Kumar*
Department of Pharmaceutics,
Seshachala College of Pharmacy,
Puttur-517 583, 
Chittoor (dist), A.P., India
*sravank681@gmail.com

Abstract:
In this study, transdermal patches containing Nimesulide were prepared using different ratios of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) by solvent evaporation technique using 10%w/w of dibutyl phthalate incorporated as plasticizer. The drug matrix film of PVP and HPMC was casted on a polyvinylalcohol backing membrane that was previously dried at 60⁰C for 6 hrs. All the prepared formulations were subjected to physical studies (moisture content, moisture uptake, Tensile strength, flatness and Drug content determination), in vitro release studies and in vitro skin permeation studies. The physiochemical compatibility of the drug and the polymers studied by IR spectroscopy have absence of any incompatibility. In vitro permeation studies were performed across  skin using a Franz diffusion cell. Variations in drug release profiles among the formulations studied were observed. Based on a physicochemical and in vitro skin permeation study, formulation F1 (PVP/HPMC, 5:1) and F5 (PVP/HPMC, 1:5) were chosen for further in vivo experiments. The anti inflammatory effect and a sustaining action of Nimesulide from the two transdermal patches selected were studied by inducing paw edema in rats with 1% w/v carrageenan solution. Hence, it can be reasonably concluded that Nimesulide can be formulated into the transdermal matrix type patches to sustain its release characteristics.

About Authors:
Dinesh Kumar Jain*, Gajanan Darwhekar, Kapil Mahesh Dutt Swami
College of Pharmacy,
IPS Academy, Rajendra Nagar,
AB Road, Indore.
M.P. India.
*swamikpl@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
Dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis are the common clinical conditions caused by increased growth of fungi and bacteria on the scalp which results in abnormal proliferation, scaling and flaking of scalp epidermis. In present study an attempt was made to develop hair styling gel of Fluconazole, zinc pyrithione and their combination using different concentration of carbopol 940. The formulations were evaluated and compare for rheology, pH, active content, in vitro drug release, ex vivo drug release, in vitro antidandruff activity and in vivo antidandruff activity. All the formulation are homogenous, transparent and stable but formulation HG1, HG7 and HG11 shows high clarity, optimum rheology, high drug content and  drug release, so these three formulations were evaluated for in vitro antidandruff activity. HG11 shows higher zone of inhibition then HG1 and HG7 therefore HG11 was selected for skin irritation test, in vivo study and stability study. HG11 does not show any skin irritation hence it could be an effective formulation for treatment of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis as compare to other.

About Authors:
Kapil Sharma*, Priyanka sharma**
*Yaresun Pharmaceutical Pvt Ltd,India
**M.sc. Student, Rajasthan, India
*pharma_kapil@rediffmail.com

1. INTRODUCTION
The mammalian intestinal tract contains a complex and diverse society of both pathogenic and non pathogenic bacteria. Most research to date has focused on the mechanism by which pathogenic bacteria achieve their detrimental effect. However, more recent research has unveiled a glimpse into the mechanism of action and potential therapeutic role of indigenious non pathtogenic microorganisms (probiotic).
Probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic are moving from snake oil into the mainstream of medical therapy. This evolution has been facilitated by our ever increasing understanding of the mechanism of action of these agents and by the development of molecular method for analyzing and identifying complex bacterial community within the mammalian intestine.^{1, 2}

About Authors:
Satinder Kumar
Manav Bharti University,
Solan (H.P)
skcrock87@yahoo.in

Abstract:-
Validation is the most recognized and important parameter of GMPs. This article provide introduction about the process validation of pharmaceutical manufacturing process and its importance according to The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This work is to present an introduction and general overview on process validation of pharmaceutical manufacturing process. Quality cannot be ensured by sampling, testing, release of materials and products. Quality assurance techniques must be used to build the quality into the product at every step and not just tested for at the end. Process validation of a process will ensure production of drug of reproducible quality. In pharmaceutical industry, Process Validation performs this task to build the quality into the product because according to ISO 9000:2000, it had proven to be an important tool for quality management of pharmaceuticals.

About Authors:
SINGH GAURAV^*, GOKULAN DR P.D., KINIKAR DHANANJAY, KUSHWAH MANOJ
Shri Ramnath Singh Institute Of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology,
Sitholi, Gwalior, M.P
*gaurav.robby@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Glibenclamide is an oral hypoglycemic drug with very low aqueous solubility. The drug is completely metabolized in liver, its principle metabolite being very weakly active, buccal film may be more efficacious for the treatment of diabetes. The objective of this work is to investigate the feasibility of obtaining the slow release, obtaining relatively constant levels of Glibenclamide from buccal films. The films were fabricated by solvent casting technique with different polymers HPMC, Sodium CMC and PVP and systematically evaluated for in vitro and ex vivo performance. Propylene Glycol is employed as plasticizer and penetration enhancer. Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose is acting as film forming polymer, Sodium CMC and PVP are employed as mucoadhesive polymer.  The formulation containing HPMC and Sodium CMC (F2) showed better controlled results correlated with ex vivo permeation studies.

About Authors:
Piyush Gupta*
Department of Pharmaceutics,
Regional College of Pharmacy,
Jaipur, Rajasthan

ABSTRACT:-
The term MICROSPHERE is defined as a spherical particle with size varying from 50nm to 2µm, containing a core substance. Microspheres are, in strict sense, spherical empty particles.However, the terms microspheres and microencapsulationare used synonymously. In addition, some related terms are “beads” are used alternatively. Spheres and spherical particles are also usedfor a large size and rigid morphology. The microspheres are characteristically free flowing powders consisting of proteins orsynthetic polymers, which are biodegradable in nature, andideally having a particle size less than 200 micrometer. Novel Drug Delivery Systems are developed to address the challengesof drug development such as Bioavailability, Permeability & Poor solubility. These demand changes in the conventional use of Excipients, the growth of the Biotechnology industry,including Stem cell therapy,Vaccines & Genetic products, also necessitates different drug delivery requirements, there by demonstrating the acceptance of these excipients by the US food & drug administration or other agencies in the major markets.For materials in which Toxicity is a possible concern, formulators can give information about the excipients regulatory acceptance& allowable amount by consulting with excipients manufactures& toxicology experts.

ABOUT AUTHORS:
Sudha Talasila^*1, Yamini Pendyala², Deepthi Madhu³, Dr.K.L.Senthil kumar.
^1,2 Department of Pharmaceutics,
Padmavathi College of Pharmacy and Reserch institute,
periyanahalli, Tamilnadu, India.
³ Department of Pharmaceutics, Gitams university,
Visakhapatnam, India.

ABSTRACT
Aim of our present study was to formulate the Gelatin Microspheres Loaded with Lisinopril Dihydrate by using Co-acervation phase separation technique for control prolonged release of drug. Micro-particulate drug delivery of Lisinopril Dihydrate was prepared by using a blend of gelatin-carbopol 934P NF and Gelatin-Sodium alginate as release retardant.Lisinopril Dihydrate Microspheres were formulated by using different drug, gelatin-carbopol and gelatin-sodiumalginate in 6 batches was F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 & F6. All the formulations were investigated for various evaluation parameters like particle size, Bulk density, flow behavior, Entrapment efficiency, percentage yield and in vitro drug release etc. All the formulations showed good flow behavior. SEM study revealed that the spheres were almost spherical in shape with smooth surface. In-vitro drug release study showed that by increasing the polymer concentration the drug release of all the formulations were gradually decreased and the optimized formulation (F6) was able to sustain the drug release for 24 hours. So, it was concluded that gelatin microspheres loaded with Lisinopril Dihydrate can be prepared by Coacervation phase seperation  technique and used for sustaining the drug release for prolonged period of time.

About Authors:
Kapil Sharma^*, Priyanka Sharma^**
*M.Pharm, Yaresun Pharmaceutical Pvt Ltd, India
^**M.Sc, Yaresun Pharmaceutical Pvt Ltd,
Rajasthan, India.

1.PELLETS
Pellets are spheres of varying diameter depending on the application and the wish of the producer. Applications are found not only in the pharmaceutical industry but also in the agribusiness (e.g., fertilizer, fish food) and in the polymer industry.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Pellets can be defined as small, free-flowing, spherical particulates manufactured by the agglomeration of fine powders or granules of drug substances and excipients using appropriate processing equipment. The term also has been used to describe small rods with aspect ratios of close to unity.