Pharmacognocy Articles

About Authors:
Kapil Sharma*, Priyanka Sharma
Yaresun Pharmaceutical Pvt. Ltd.,
India.
*pharma_kapil@rediffmail.com

ABSTRACT
Herbalism is a traditional medicinal or folk medicine practice based on the use of plants and plant extracts. Many plants synthesize substances that are useful to the maintenance of health in humans and other animals because herbal medicine have harmless advantages. Humans, and even neanderthals, have used plants to treat their ailments for at least tens of thousands of years; most likely even longer than that. The first written accounts of the use of herbs originate in china, although all other civilizations from the ancient world were using plants as natural remedies for their ailments. Western herbal medicine dates back to ancient greece and its famous doctors like hippocrates and galen.The 15^th to 17^th centuries were the most popular time for herbalism in europe. Herbal remedies are still relatively popular today, mainly due to the fact that they are regarded as harmless because they are natural. So this paper describe basic information  involved in preparation of herbal remedies for internal use and for external useand gives a detail account about standardization and evaluation in formulations of herbal drugs.

About Authors:
Sanober Parveen*, Maju Vyas Singh
Delhi institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & research University (DIPSAR), Delhi.
*sanober.parveen@gmail.com

Abstract
The present study was aimed Pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical study of the fresh fruits of Alstonia scholaris, belonging to family Apocynaceae.The pharmacognostic investigation were carried out in terms of macroscopic, microscopic and physical parameters. The extract obtained after successive Soxhlet extraction of dried fruit using n-hexane, chloroform, methanol and water were subjected to a preliminary phytochemical screening which revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrate, glycoside, terpenoids and flavanoids.

About Authors:
S. Mahboob Ahmad, T.S Gouda
V.L. College of pharmacy,
Raichur, Karnataka-58410
*syed.ahmad007@yahoo.com

Abstract:
The alcoholic and aqueous extracts of fruit of Carica papaya (Caricaceae)was investigated for anti-diarrhoealactivity in albino Wistar rats. The alcoholic and aqueous extracts was administered by the oral route at a concentration of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg showed the significant dose dependent anti-diarrhoeal activity in Castor oil induced diarrhea and Magnesium sulphate induced diarrhea. Anti-diarrhoeal activity of the tested extracts was comparable with that of the standard drug Loperamide 3 mg/kg. The results lend support to the traditional use of C.  papaya in the treatment of diarrhoeal diseases.

About Authors:
Manu Arora^1*, Amanpreet Singh²
School of Pharmacy & Emerging Sciences,
Baddi University of Emerging Science & Technology,
Makhnumajra, Baddi, Distt. Solan,
Himachal Pradesh-173205, India.
*manu_cognosy@yahoo.co.in

ABSTARCT
Mimosa pudica is a weed which is commonly known as chuemue (touch me not) belongs to the family Leguminaceae.  It is found in moist and waste places. Chuemue shows nyctynastic and seismonastic movement. All parts of this plant possess different medicinal properties like dysentery, leprosy, asthma, sedative, emetic and tonic. Its aerial parts contain different secondary plant metabolites like tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, Flavonoids and saponins. This review shows presence of secondary plant metabolites and its ethnopharmacological uses.

About Author:
Tarika Priya
SLC's college of pharmacy. JNTUH
Hyderabad-500076
a4aryatarikapriya@gmail.com

1. Abstract
The aim of study was to screen the antibacterial and antifungal activities of methanol and ethanol extracts of fenugreek seed (Trigonella foenum). Crude extracts of the seeds with methanol and ethanol were screened for antibacterial activities against two gram positive pathogenic bacteria – Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and against two gram negative pathogenic bacteria – E.coli, klebsiella. The antibacterial activity was performed using cup-plate method. The extracts were prepared using soxhlet extraction method. Methanol extract showed activity against E.coli and Klebsiella were as ethanol extract showed activity against Staphylococcus and Bacillus spp.,

The anti fungal activity was also screened against Aspergillus niger. Both the extracts showed good activity against the fungi.
The results obtained in the present study suggest that the extracts revealed a significant scope to develop a novel broad spectrum of antibacterial herbal formulations.