Rajasthan

About Author:
Shambhavi Singh
B.Pharm (IV) School of Pharmaceutical Science,
Jaipur national university, Jaipur(RAJ.)
*shambhavisingh3111@gmail.com

Abstract
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed in one third patients for urinary tract infection, and use of third-generation cephalosporins has doubled in the past decade.
Bacteria in pregnancy frequently produce the risk of pyelonephritis, preterm labour, and low birth weight infants. Commonly prescribed antibiotics such as ampicillin (pivampicillin), amoxicillin, fluroqunin, trimethoprim, and sulphonamide are currently associated with development of a high degree of resistance towards most common pathogen responsible for causing urinary tract infection, Escherichia coli. During the past few decades new researches have been made against development of resistance in antibiotic and new drugs are synthesised. The presumption that if a specific drug is safe for the both pregnant woman and the foetus depends on how widely the drug has been used. A recent survey among general practitioners and obstetricians in confirmed that the beta-lactam antibiotic pivmecillinam and ciphalosporins are the most commonly used agents in the treatment of bacteriuria in pregnancy However, a surprisingly high number of physicians reported that they prescribe TMP/SMX during the first two trimesters in spite of resistance of E. coli and possible adverse effects on the foetus.

NIMS Institute of Pharmacy is approved by AICTE (All India Council for technical Education), Government of India. It offers undergraduate, postgraduate and Ph. D. programmes. The Institute has its separate building in the campus with spacious well equipped laboratories for each discipline and specialization. Pharma D. course has been designed on the lines of some universities in USA.

The company manufactures active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs or bulk actives). In addition, it has several pharma products that address relevant and growing therapeutic areas like gastroenterology, cardiology, diabetology, psychiatry, neurology, anti-bacterials, anti-infectives and pain management among others.

Karnataka Antibiotics & Pharmaceuticals Ltd., (KAPL) Bangalore is a Government Enterprise. From a modest beginning in 1984, KAPL has grown from strength to strength in the areas of manufacturing and marketing of various life saving and essential drugs. With an ISO accredition from KPMG, Netherlands, KAPL is recognised for its total commitment to quality and services in domestic and international markets. On profit from inception, KAPL facilities are approved by many international clients.

The origin of Banasthali is unique in more ways than one. Banasthali  owes its existence neither to the zeal of an educationist, nor to that of a social reformer. It is also not the creation of a Philanthropist's purse. It has arisen like the fabled phoenix from the ashes of a blossoming flower Shanta Bai that had withered before its bloom. It is a spontaneous filling up of the vacuum caused by Shantabai's death.It was on October 6, 1935 that Smt.

About Authors:
Kapil Sharma*, Priyanka sharma**
*Yaresun Pharmaceutical Pvt Ltd,India
**M.sc. Student, Rajasthan, India
*pharma_kapil@rediffmail.com

1. INTRODUCTION
The mammalian intestinal tract contains a complex and diverse society of both pathogenic and non pathogenic bacteria. Most research to date has focused on the mechanism by which pathogenic bacteria achieve their detrimental effect. However, more recent research has unveiled a glimpse into the mechanism of action and potential therapeutic role of indigenious non pathtogenic microorganisms (probiotic).
Probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic are moving from snake oil into the mainstream of medical therapy. This evolution has been facilitated by our ever increasing understanding of the mechanism of action of these agents and by the development of molecular method for analyzing and identifying complex bacterial community within the mammalian intestine.^{1, 2}

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Birla Institute of

About Authors:
Piyush Gupta*
Department of Pharmaceutics,
Regional College of Pharmacy,
Jaipur, Rajasthan

ABSTRACT:-
The term MICROSPHERE is defined as a spherical particle with size varying from 50nm to 2µm, containing a core substance. Microspheres are, in strict sense, spherical empty particles.However, the terms microspheres and microencapsulationare used synonymously. In addition, some related terms are “beads” are used alternatively. Spheres and spherical particles are also usedfor a large size and rigid morphology. The microspheres are characteristically free flowing powders consisting of proteins orsynthetic polymers, which are biodegradable in nature, andideally having a particle size less than 200 micrometer. Novel Drug Delivery Systems are developed to address the challengesof drug development such as Bioavailability, Permeability & Poor solubility. These demand changes in the conventional use of Excipients, the growth of the Biotechnology industry,including Stem cell therapy,Vaccines & Genetic products, also necessitates different drug delivery requirements, there by demonstrating the acceptance of these excipients by the US food & drug administration or other agencies in the major markets.For materials in which Toxicity is a possible concern, formulators can give information about the excipients regulatory acceptance& allowable amount by consulting with excipients manufactures& toxicology experts.