• PharmaTutor
    21 November 2012

    FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FLOATING TABLETS USING ALFUZOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE AS A MODEL DRUG

    About Authors:
    Jenish.R*, M.Senthil kumar, Dinesh, Ahokkumar, Marshel, Hariharan
    Annai veilankanni’s college of pharmacy
    Saidapet, Chennai-600015
    Tamilnadu
    *jenishnathan@gmail.com

    ABSTRACT
    Alfuzosin is a non-subtype specific alpha(1)-adrenergic blocking agent that exhibits selectivity for alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors in the lower urinary tract. Inhibition of these adrenoreceptors leads to the relaxation of smooth muscle in the bladder neck and prostate, resulting in the improvement in urine flow and a reduction in symptoms in benign prostate hyperplasia. Alfuzosin also inhibits the vasoconstrictor effect of circulating and locally released catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine), resulting in peripheral vasodilation. The alfuzosin of the present investigation is designed to retain in the stomach and deliver the drug alfuzosin for longer periods of time. The developed floating provides increased absorption of the alfuzosin at a rate such that effective plasma levels can be achieved and maintained for a prolonged duration. Formulations 6 displayed drug release considered in 0.1N HCL and Formulation 6 shows better drug release in dissolution profile.

  • 21 November 2012
    ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF POLYHERBAL EXTRACT ON RODENTS

    About Authors:
    A.Tamil Selvan*, R.Suresh1, D.Benito Johnson2, R.Suresh Kumar3, R.Venkatanarayanan4, L.Sivakumar5
    Department of Pharmacology
    Teegala Ram Reddy College of Pharmacy, Meerpet, Hyderabad – 97
    1-4RVS College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sulur, Coimbatore- 641402
    5SKM Siddha and Ayurvedha Company (India) Limited, Erode - 638104.
    *tamilselvanpharmacologist@gmail.com

    ABSTRACT
    In this study, polyherbal extract of Cycas circinalis, Nardostachys jatamansi and Artemisia absinthium ethanolic fraction was explored for its antidepressant property using Forced swim test (FST) and Tail suspension test (TST). Many of its individual constituents have been used for central nervous system (CNS) activities but no systematic work was carried on this combination. In this study its effect on depression was explored in rats. For this purpose the plants part were extracted by successive solvent extraction by Soxhylation. Ethanolic extract was chosen for the pharmacological evaluation, based upon the phytochemical and instrumental analysis. The ethanolic extract was subjected to FT-IR analysis for finding the possible number and nature of function groups present in it. Also the extract was analysed by HPLC for the number possible phytocompounds/phytoconstituents present, which may directly or indirectly involve in the brain neurochemical activity. Acute and Subacute toxicity study revealed the dose upto 2000mg/kg the extract had not toxic symptoms and no mortality. The therapeutic dose was found to be 200mg/kg and there was no toxic damage to liver and kidney observed in subacute toxicity study. The ethanolic extract of the polyherbal combination exhibited significant (P<0.001) antidepressant activity  as indicated by its ability to decrease swim stress and tail suspension induced immobility time in rats as compared with that standard Fluoxetine. As well as restoring biogenic amines to normal level that was altered by the swim stress and tail suspension test in whole rat brain assay by HPTLC method. The result indicates this polyherbal combination can be a potential candidate for .managing depression. However further studies are required to confirm the exact therapeutic efficacy.

  • 20 November 2012
    DETERMINATION OF PKA OF ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENT BY SPECTROMETRY

    About Authors:
    Kalpesh Ashara
    Registered Pharmacist S.K.R.I.Medicines Centre, Rajkot, Gujarat, India,
    M.Pharm Semester-I Student of B.K.Mody Govt.Pharmacy College Rajkot,
    Department of Pharmaceutics GTU, Gujarat, India.
    kalpeshashara@yahoo.com, kalpeshshr5@gmail.com*

    Abstract:
    Spectrophotometry is an attractive method for PKa determination in very diluted aqueous solution about 10-5 to 10-6M provided that the compound possesses PH dependent light absorption due to the presence of a chromospheres in proximity to the ionization centers. Traditionally 6 to 8 aliquot solutions of samples in identical concentrations but with different PH values are prepared & their absorption spectra are registered at single wavelength. This series of solutions can be generated by either preparing the sample in buffer solutions of known PH or titrating the sample solution e.g. alkalimetry. Then half the absorbance of maximum plotted on graph & interpolated on x-axis that will give value of PH is Pka  & negative Antilog of that value at base 10 give value of ka i.e. Dissociation Constant (Pka=-logka). This exercise is carrying out in below assignment.

  • 20 November 2012
    ENHANCEMENT OF SOLUBILITY BY LIQUISOLID TECHNIQUE: A REVIEW

    About Authors:
    Patel Chirag J1*, Satyanand Tyagi2, Patel Jaimin1, Chaudhari Bharat1, Tarun Parashar3, Soniya3
    1Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jaipur, Rajasthan.
    2President, Tyagi Pharmacy Association & Scientific Writer (Pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India.
    3Department of Pharmaceutics, Himalayan Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Rajawala,     Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. 
    *Mr. Patel Chirag has published various books, research and review articles. His academic works include 16 Publications (2 books were published in Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany & 8 Research Articles and 6 Review Articles were published in standard and reputed National and International Pharmacy Journals).
    chirag.bangalore@gmail.com

    ABSTRACT
    Solving solubility problems is a major challenge for the pharmaceutical industry with developments of new pharmaceutical products, since nearly half of the active substances being identified are either insoluble or poorly soluble in water soluble. Various techniques are used for the enhancement of the solubility of poorly soluble drugs which include Liquisolid technique, micronization, nanonization, sonocrystallization, supercritical fluid method, spray freezing into liquid and lyophilization, evaporative precipitation into aqueous solution, use of surfactant, use of co-solvent, hydrotropy method, use of salt forms, solvent deposition, solubilizing agents, modification of the crystal habit, co-crystallisation, complexation and drug dispersion in carriers.The “Liquisolid” technique is a novel and capable addition towards such an aims for solubility enhancement and dissolution improvement, thereby it increases the bioavailability.Liquisolid technique is based upon the admixture of drug loaded solutions with appropriate carrier and coating materials. The use of non-volatile solvent causes improved wettability and ensures molecular dispersion of drug in the formulation and leads to enhance solubility. By using hydrophobic carriers (non-volatile solvents) one can sustained the release of drugs by this technique. Liquisolid compacts demonstrated a considerably higher drug dissolution rates than those of conventionally made capsules and directly compressed tablets. This was due to the increased wetting properties and surface of drug available for dissolution. By using this technique, solubility and dissolution rate of water insoluble drugs can be improved. This review paper highlights the advantages, disadvantages, mechanism of enhanced drug release, classification, evaluation and application of liquisolid technique to enhance the solubility and dissolution of water insoluble drugs.

  • 19 November 2012
    ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF PATENT

    About Authors:
    Jatin  Patel1*, Prof. Rajesh Kumar Dholpuria2, Dhiren Shah1
    2(Professor, Head of Department of pharmacognosy),
    1Seth G.L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education,
    Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research,
    Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, INDIA
    *Patelj313@yahoo.in

    ABSTRACT
    Patent Right varies from country to country. In India the law which govern patent right is "Indian Patent Act 1970". Indian Patent Act, 1970 grants exclusive right to the inventor for his invention for limited period of time. Generally 20 years time has been granted to the patent holder but in case of inventions relating to manufacturing of food or drugs or medicine it is for seven years from the date of patent. There is certain legal procedure which needs to be followed in order to register. There are several attorney helping inventor in patent registration by providing them best well informed knowledge. In India patent registration can be filed individually or jointly. In case of deceased inventor this can be done his legal representative on behalf of him. All the required documents need to be filed along with the application form. Only after verification registration certificate is provided to the applicant.

  • 14 November 2012
    PACKAGING AND LABELLING CONTROL ACCORDING TO GLOBAL GMP

    About Authors:
    *Tarun Patel, Prof. Dr. Vipin Kukkar, Krunal Parik
    Seth G.L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education,
    Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research,
    Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, INDIA
    *tarunpatel35@gmail.com

    ABSTRACT:
    In pharma industry Packaging and Labelling plays very important role for improvements of attraction to human beings. So by improving our packaging and labeling style we can easily improve our product market value. Green packaging is also an alternative to make packaging more environmental friendly which would not affect the nature in any way. The most desirable solution is “use less, discard less, save more, reuse more”In this review article we discuss briefly about the requirement of packaging and labeling control of product according to different GMPs.

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  • 12 November 2012
    REVIEW ON APPLICATIONS OF POLYMERS IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS

    About Authors:
    Darveshwar Jagdeep D*, Mule Madhav S1, Birajdar Shivprasad M2
    *NRI Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Bhopal, India
    1School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University
    Vishnupuri, Nanded-431606, Maharashtra, India,
    2Department of Quality Assurance, Maharashtra College of Pharmacy,
    Nilanga-413521, Maharashtra, India
    *jagdeepdd@hotmail.com, birajdar100@gmail.com

    Abstract:
    Polymers have played indispensable roles in the preparation of pharmaceutical products. Their applications range widely from material packaging to fabrication of the most sophisticated drug delivery devices. This review includes various polymers used in pharmaceutics based on their applications. The review focuses on the use of pharmaceutical polymer for controlled drug delivery applications. Examples of pharmaceutical polymers and the principles of controlled drug delivery are outlined and applications of polymers for controlled drug delivery are described. The field of controlled drug delivery is vast therefore this review aims to provide an overview of the applications of pharmaceutical polymers. General pharmaceutical applications of polymers in Dental Medicine, Ophthalmic Drug Delivery, Gene Delivery, Preparation of micro spheres etc. are also discussed briefly.

  • 11 November 2012
    STABILITY INDICATING HPTLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR CINACALCET HYDROCHLORIDE API

    About Authors:
    Gautam Kumar
    SRM college of pharmacy, SRM University
    Chennai 600 033.
    gautamsinghsrmcp@gmail.com

    Abstract
    The aim of the present work to develop validated RP-HPLC method which determines stress stability and concentration of Cinacalcet hydrochloride in synthetic mixture as per ICH guidelines. Separation was performed using Camag Linomat V semi Automated sample applicator with TLC Scanner III. Stationary Phase consisting of TLC plates (Merck) pre coated with silica gel 60F254 on Aluminum Sheets was used. Mobile phase comprising of Methanol: Water: Glacial acetic acid (5:5:0.2v/v/v) was used. All the system suitability parameter was found within the range. The method was extensively validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, limit of quantitation and detection. The Cinacalcet hydrochloride was found to be highly labile to alkaline and acid hydrolysis compared to oxidation. Chromatographic peak purity results indicated the absence of co-eluting peaks with the main peak of Cinacalcet, which demonstrated the specificity of assay method for estimation of Cinacalcet in presence of degradation products. The proposed method can be used for routine analysis of Cinacalcet in quality control laboratories.

  • 11 November 2012
    RECENT ADVANCE IN PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

    About Authors:
    Dhirendra C. Patel1*, Ritesh B. Patel1, Gargi B. Patel2
    1Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology;
    S.K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research;
    Ganpat University, Kherva, Mehsana, Gujarat, India.
    2Pharma Management & Regulatory Affairs,
    K.B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
    *dhiren.pharmacy@gmail.com

    Abstract:
    Oral controlled drug delivery systems represent the most popular form of controlled drug delivery systems for the obvious advantages of oral route of drug administration. However, there are certain conditions for which such a release pattern is not suitable like cardiovascular diseases, Diabetes mellitus, Asthma, Arthritis, Peptic ulcer etc. In such cases pulsatile drug delivery system is used in which release drug on programmed pattern i.e. at appropriate time & at appropriate site of action. Pulsatile Drug Delivery systems are basically time controlled drug delivery systems in which the system controls the lag time independent of environmental factors like pH, enzymes, gastro-intestinal motility, etc. The principle rationale for the use of pulsatile release is for the drugs where a constant drug release, i.e., a zero-order release is not desired. In chronopharmacotherapy drug administration is synchronized with biological rhythms to produce maximal therapeutic effect & minimum harm for the patient. Technically, pulsatile drug delivery systems administered via the oral route could be divided into two distinct types, the time controlled delivery systems and the site-specific delivery systems, thus providing special and temporal delivery. In recent pharmaceutical applications involving pulsatile delivery; multiparticulate dosage forms (e.g. pellets) are gaining much favor over single-unit dosage forms. Various pulsatile technologies have been developed on the basis of methodologies, these includes ACCU-BREAK™, AQUALON,  CODAS®, PRODAS®, SODAS®, MINITABS®, DIFFUCAPS®, OROS® etc. Designing of proper pulsatile drug delivery will enhance the patient compliance, optimum drug delivery to the target side & minimizing the undesired effects.

  • 9 November 2012
    EVALUATION OF CRUDE DRUGS, MONO OR POLYHERBAL FORMULATION

    About Authors:
    Dhiren Shah*1, Jatin Patel, Krunal Parikh
    m.pharmacy
    Seth G.L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education, R.U.H.S.
    Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, INDIA
    *dhiren.pharmacist@gmail.com

    Abstract :
    Involved Evaluation and Standardization techniques for crude drugs, mono or Polyherbal Frormulation. They involved the macroscopic techniques, microscopic techniques, physical evaluation and biological evaluation. They also involved the Quantitative analysis of Organophosphorus insecticides, Organochlorine and pyrethroid insecticides, microbial content determination.

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