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Discuss non first order spectra in PMR spectroscopy and its resolution by shift reagents, deuterium labeling and other methods.

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Q.3. (c) Discuss non first order spectra in PMR spectroscopy and its resolution by shift reagents, deuterium labeling and other methods.

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Ans.3.(c) Non-first order splitting: The N+1 rule cannot predict the exact splitting patternof non-first order splitting. First order splitting produces “normal” splittingpatterns that have equal J values. Non-first order splitting occurs when a nucleusspin-couples with 2 or more sets of nearby nuclei that have different J values. Example of First Order Splitting and Non-First Order:

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