Articles

About Authors:
Raj Mukherjee^*, Koyel Sen, Dr. Ketousetuo Kuotsu^**
* Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University.
** Assistant Professor,
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology,
Jadavpur University.
* rajmukhrje@gmail.com

Abstract:
“Paclitaxel” is a potent mitotic inhibitor acting as anti-neoplastic agent, obtained as complex diterpins, termed “Taxanes” from the barks of Taxus breufolia (Pacific Yew). The oral bioavailability of the drug varies around 6-7% and has a strong protein binding capacity altering between 89% - 98%. Most of these drugs have a central role in metastatic ovarian and breast carcinoma, along with advanced head and neck cancer, small cell lung cancer, esophageal adenocarcinoma, hormone refractory prostate cancer, Kaposi’s Sarcoma and also in the prevention of recurrent narrowing of Coronary Stents. Paclitaxel mainly functions by improvising enhanced stabilization of microtubule polymers during cell division and binds specifically to the beta-tubulin subunits, thus antagonizing disassembly of the key cytoskeletal protein, producing abnormal arrays of microtubules throughout the cell cycle.  Due to the poor aqueous solubility there is a need for the development of alternative formulations of paclitaxel with improved solubility and at the same time devoid of major toxic effects. Various approaches employed so far include cosolvents, emulsions, micelles, liposomes, microsphere nanoparticles, cyclodextrins, pastes, and implants. All these formulations have been prepared with specific aims to enhance bio-stability and  reduce the basic toxic effects of Paclitaxel including low blood count, hair loss, peripheral neuropathy, anthralgias , myalgias, nausea, vommiting,  mouth sores and various hypersensitivity reactions . The drug undergoes extensive CYP-mediated hepatic metabolism (majorly CYP2C8 with specific contributions from CYP3A4), and not more than 10% of a unit dose is excreted in the urine intact. We have tried to answer the probable mechanisms of Paclitaxel and how it can be made more bio-available in order to enhance its anti-cancer activities. Our review revealed the active ingredients that are co-administered with paclitaxel did not improve its functions but blocked the pathways that decreased the function of paclitaxel, since P-glycoproteins itself reduces the accumulation of paclitaxel and might use it as a substrate.

ABOUT AUTHORS:
Shujauddin Hashmi^*,P. Neelkant reddy, S. hafiz ali, B. Kalyani, K. Karna, S. S.Biradar, Abdul kareem
Department of pharmacy practice
H.K.E Society’s Matoshree Taradevi Rampure Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
MR medical College Road, Gulbarga -585105

ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic and potentially disabling disease which is like a sleeping giant that is ready to awaken and literally sink our health care system. The present study “Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of anti-diabetic therapy” was carried out with an objective to assess estimated direct medical cost of diabetes and its complications. A hospital based prospective observational study was conducted using a prevalence based ‘cost of illness’ method focusing on estimated direct health care cost of diabetes and its complications. A total of 108 type 2 DM patients were enrolled into the study out of which 68 (62.96%) were males and 40 (37.04%) patients were females. The results revealed that, the average cost was the highest for the age group 45-60 years. The costs for patients with complications were substantially higher than those without complications and the costs were found to increase progressively with the increase in number of complications. The study concludes that Diabetes with complications resulted about 2.5 times higher cost, therefore the burden of diabetes and its complications was significant for individual and families, keeping in mind the burden of the disease on individuals as well as the society, the health policy makers should emphasize on initiatives to prevent the disease prevalence, care and counseling to diabetes patients should be done continuously to prevent the progression of the disease and its devastating complications.

About Authors:
Amit Jain*, Sandesh Jain, A.G. Hariharan, C.K. Sudhakar, Sanjay Jain
Department of Pharmaceutics,
Smriti College of pharmaceutical education, Indore-452001,
Madhya Pradesh, India
*amitjainpharma16@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The present investigation deals with development of mucoadhesive thermosensitive pluronic lecithin organogel of clotrimazole for vaginal candidasis. To develop more effective treatment for vaginal candidasis, clotrimazole (CT) was formulated as pluronic lecithin organogels (PLOs). Several PLOs formulations composed of clotrimazole (1%) using the thermosensitive polymer Pluronic® F127, Soya lecithin with the mucoadhesive polymer Carbopol 934. Spreadibility, rheological behavior, drug content (%), mucoadhesive force, gelling capacity and in-vitro release profiles of the different formulations were determined. In vitro, sustained release of CT from PLOs was observed. In vivo antifungal activity of CT, tested against Candida albicans vaginitis in agar plate, was significantly prolonged after vaginal delivery using PLOs. These results indicate that CT-containing vaginal PLOs safe, convenient, and effective treatment of vaginal candidasis with reduced dosing interval.

About Authors:
Abhilash Kumar, Navneet Upadhay
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Shoolini University,
Solan, H.P., India
*abhilashkumarchawla421@gmail.com

Abstract
The objective of this work is to overview the process validation in various pharmaceutical processes. Quality is the most important requirement in the manufacturing process. All the drugs must be manufactured to the highest quality level. Quality cannot be guaranteed just by end product testing but we have to control carefully each critical step during the manufacturing process. Thus process validation plays an important role to control each critical step in order to maintain quality of the final product. Validation involves a series of activities that are taking place during the life cycle of products and processes. It also involves careful planning of various steps in the process and all the work should be carried out in a structured way according to standardized working procedures.

About Authors:
Smriti Rai, Ashok kr. Bhambu, Neelam Sharma, Rupesh Gautam
Department of Pharmacology,
Jaipur college of Pharmacy,
Jaipur, India.
*rsmriti22@yahoo.com

Abstract
Gastric ulcer is most widespread disease and this is due to imbalance between aggressive and defensive factors. Various parts of plants like root, rhizome, bark, leaves, fruit, flower or even the whole plants are used in the treatment of ulcer by the Indian community especially those belongs to the tribals and rural areas. This is well known that various constituents present in plants like flavanoids are responsible for antiulcer activity.This study is aimed to collect some plants of antiulcer property to provide information regarding to cure  the ulcer. The plants are widely used in treatment of ulcers areBenincasa hispida fruit extract(RS), Aspilia africana,Azima tetracantha, Ficus religiosa,Zingiber officinale, and Ocimum sanctum.

About Authors:
Chhavi Bartaria^*, Javed Ali Khan
Institute of Biomedical Education and Research,
Mangalayatan University,
Aligarh.
*cbartaria@gmail.com

Abstract
Biocatalysis involving certain enzymes like NHase, Nitrilase, Tannase and Amidase produces certain commercially important compounds .NHase are used for the synthesis of certain compounds such as acrylamide and nicotinamide. Thermostable Nitrilase from the Rhodococcus strains is used for the modification of acrylic fiber surface. The activity of amidase enzymes is five times increased and inhibited with the use of Co²⁺and Hg^2+, 2-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol, and ethylene diaminetetraceticacid respectively. Furthermore the production of amidesis done as a by the help of a nitrilase-catalysed reaction of a heterolytic amino nitriles by a enzyme. For the hydrolysis of Gallic acid esters and hydrolysable tannis the tannase is use as catalyst and this gallic acid is produced by the hydrolysis of methyl gallate by fungal tannase, the tannase activity is also shown by lactic acid bacteria and the nitrilase is used for the modification of acrylic fibers by the help of a reaction media with some parameters like time, enzyme activity and its formulation.

About Author:
Mr. Jagmohan Rai Agarwal,
M.Pharm (1968), Industrial experience SSI sector, nearly 37 years, retired from own Industry,
Founder President of M.P.Pharmacy Graduates’ Association,
President: M.P.Pharmaceutical Manufacturers’ Organisation,
Founder President : M.P. Small Scale Drug Manufacturers’ Association,
President Indian Pharmaceutical Association, M.P. State Branch, Indore,
Recently submitted thesis for award of  Ph.D. on title “Enforcement of Drug Laws-Globalization vis-à-vis Indian Drug Laws”
(Email: sharda_jollo@yahoo.co.in)

Quality of Pharmaceuticals has been a concern of the World Health Organisation (WHO) since its inception. The setting of global standards is requested in Article 2 of the WHO constitution which sites as one of the organisation’s functions that it should develop, establish and promote International standards with respect to food, biological, pharmaceuticals and similar products.

Campbell (US FDA) was the first leading architect of the present Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act passed in 1938. He differed sharply with ‘Willey’ in his belief that Court proceedings were not the only proper way to secure compliance.

About Authors:
Gourab Saha*, Sabitri Bindhani, Niranjan Kumar Manna
Department of Pharmaceutics,
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohuda,
Berhampur – 760002, Orissa, India
*gourab.pharma2012@gmail.com

Abstract
This study investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of the methanolic extract of Emblica officinalis (Amla) in male albino rats after intramuscular administration. This was done using the Carragenin-induced paw edema method (acute inflammatory model).Methanolic extract of Emblica officinalis showed significant anti-inflammatory activity similar to ketoprofen and indomethacin.