Articles

18 September 2012

NEWER ANTILEPTICS- NECESSITY OF LIMITED DOSAGE

About Authors:
A.Prameela Rani¹, V.Hema^2*
¹University college of pharmaceutical sciences,
Acharya nagarjuna University, Guntur.
^2*KVSR Siddhartha college of pharmaceutical sciences, Vijayawada.
*hemav_pharma@rediffmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Epilepsy is a disorder of CNS characterized by paroxysmal cerebral dysrhytmia, manifesting as brief episodes of loss or disturbance of consciousness with or without characteristic body movements, sensory or psychiatric phenomenon.
Some drugs such as felbamate, oxcarbazepine, gabapentin, zonisamide, topiramate and pregabalin before consumption their dose and dosage should be checked. All the drugs should be adjusted surely for their dosage especially in renal impairment patients. The present review is on serious effects due to overdosage of various newer anticonvulsants.
18 September 2012

FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF LANSOPRAZOLE DR ODT

About Authors:
Mr. Rajat Kumar Pandeya
M. Pharm., Dept. of Pharmaceutics,
Noida Institute of Engg. & Technology
Greater Noida, India.
rajatkumar.pandeya@gmail.com

ABSTRACT :
Oral disintegrating tablets (ODTs) have received ever-increasing demand during the last decade, and the field has become a rapidly growing area in the pharmaceutical industry. Upon introduction into the mouth, these tablets dissolve or disintegrate in the mouth in the absence of additional water for easy administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients. The popularity and usefulness of the formulation resulted in development of several ODT technologies. This review describes various formulations and technologies developed to achieve fast dissolution/dispersion of tablets in the oral cavity. In particular, this review describes in detail FDT technologies based on lyophilization, molding, sublimation, and compaction, as well as approaches to enhancing the ODT properties, such as spraydrying, moisture treatment, sintering, and use of sugar-based disintegrants. In addition, taste-masking technologies, experimental measurements of disintegration times, and clinical studies are also discussed.
17 September 2012

REVIEW ON: PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

About Authors:
Bhuvnesh^*1, G.Gnanarajan¹, Preeti Kothiyal¹
Department of Pharmacy, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Technology & Science P.O. Box
80, Patel Nagar , Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand , India¹
*bhuvnesh.grg89@gmail.com

Abstract
Pulsatile drug delivery systems (PDDS) are gaining importance in the field of pharmaceutical technology as these systems deliver the right dose at specific time at a specific site. A pulsatile drug release, where the drug is released rapidly after a well defined lag-time, could be advantageous for many drugs or therapies.A pulse has to be designed in such a way that a complete and rapid drug release is achieved after the lag time so as to match body’s circadian rhythms with the release of drug which increases the efficacy and safety of drugs by proportioning their peak plasma concentrations during the 24 hours in synchrony with biological rhythm. Pulsatile release systems can be classified in multiple-pulse and single-pulse systems. Various techniques are available for the pulsatile delivery like pH dependent systems, time dependent systems, etc. A popular class of single-pulse systems is that of rupturable dosage forms. Advantages of the pulsatile drug delivery system are reduced dose frequency; reduce side effects, drug targeting to specific site like colon and many more. Now in market varies technologies of pulsatile drug delivery system like Pulsincap, Diffucaps etc. are launched by pharmaceutical companies.

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17 September 2012

RECENT ADVANCES OF LACCASE ENZYME IN INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY : A REVIEW

About Authors:
Alpeshkumar J.Shiroya*
Bhagwan Mahavir College Of Biotechnology,
Surat
alpeshshiroya45@yahoo.in

ABSTRACT
Laccases are an interesting group of multi-nuclear copper-containing oxidoreductases, which have been subject of intensive research in last decades due to their ability to oxidize both phenolic and nonphenolic lignin related compounds as well as highly recalcitrant environmental pollutants, which makes them very useful for their application to several biotechnological processes. These oxidase enzymes catalyze oxidation of substrates at the expense of molecular oxygen and produce water as the only by-product. Lacasses are present in higher plants, bacteria, fungi, insects and lichens. The oxidative ability of laccases is employed in a number of industrial and environmental applications including bioremediation, food technology, nanobiotechnology, medicine, pulp and paper industry, textile industry, and cosmetology. Owing to its versatility, laccase is continuously under investigation for new applications. In the recent years, laccases are also used as cleaning agents for certain water purification systems, as catalysts for the manufacture of anti-cancer drugs and even as ingredients in cosmetics. More recently, it is also used in the design of biosensors, biofuel cells, as a medical diagnostics tool and bioremediation agent to clean up herbicides, pesticides and certain explosives in soil. This paper reviews the occurrence, mode of action, general properties, production, immobilization, molecular cloning, and important application of laccases within different industrial and biotechnological area.
16 September 2012

SURVEY ON DIABETES AND STANDARDIZATION OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION

About Authors:
¹Shambhawi, ^*Sai Saraswathi V
^1*Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division,
School of Advanced Sciences,
VIT-University, Vellore-632014,
Tamilnadu, India.
¹shambhawi06@yahoo.co.in, * v.saisaraswathi@vit.ac.in

ABSTRACT :
Standardization of polyherbal formulation is important to validate the quality of drugs and to ensure that the consumers are getting medication which guarantees purity, safety, potency and efficacy. The present paper reports standardization of traditional ayurvedic liquid polyherbal antidiabetic formulation (Sucrogen) and diabetes survey for retrieving the information on medication along with the lifestyle of diabetic population. Sucrogen was standardized based on ayurvedic pharmacopeia physico-chemical properties, preliminary phytochemical tests, organoleptic characters, stability studies, microbial studies, TLC, HPLC, heavy metal estimation by AAS and flame photometry to fix the quality standard of this drug. Invitro anti-diabetics activity of the drug was determined using alpha amylase Inhibitory method.These studies resulted in a set of diagnostic characters essential for its standardization. The phytochemical constituents found to be present in raw materials used for the preparation of Sucrogen possibly helps in achieving the desirable therapeutic efficacy of the ayurvedic formulation.
OBJECTIVE
To do a general survey on diabetes and to standardize the polyherbal formulation consumed by the population of Jharkhand for the determination of purity and quality of drug
16 September 2012

A REVIEW ON CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM BY CHITOSAN HYDROGEL

About Authors:
SHAMBHAWI*, M SHIVASHANKAR
School of Advanced Sciences, Pharmaceutical chemistry division,
VIT University, VELLORE
India

ABSTRACT:
Chitosan has been the subject of interest for its use as a polymeric drug carrier material in dosage form design due to its appealing properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity and relatively low production cost from abundant natural sources. Hydrogels are a unique class of macromolecular networks that can hold a large fraction of an aqueous solvent within their structure. The objective of this paper is to give a brief review on the fundamentals and recent advances in chitosan based hydrogel for e.g., thermosensitive hydrogel variants which precludes the need of surgical implantation as well as the description of the release mechanism of bioactive molecules from these hydrogels which traps a drug and then releases the active compound by "Swelling" or expanding inside of specific tissues, thus allowing a higher concentration of the drug in a biodegradable format. This article presents an overview of the newest developments and applications of Chitosan based hydrogel for controlled drug delivery system.
14 September 2012

METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND ITS VALIDATION FOR ESTIMATION OF DEFLAZACORT IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM BY UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

About Authors:
Kapil Sharma^*1, Subhash Gupta², Priyanka Sharma¹
¹Yaresun Pharmaceutical Pvt. Ltd.,India.
²Oasis test house ltd.
jaipur-302006,rajasthan,india.
*pharma_kapil@rediffmail.com

ABSTRACT
This paper describe a simple, precise and economical spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of Deflazacort(DFCT) in tablet dosage form. Method is based on the estimation of DFCT in aqueous acetonitrileat 246 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 4-14 µg/ml. The accuracy of the method was assessed by recovery studies and was found to be 99.38±0.15 for DFCT. Results of the analysis were validated statistically so that it can be used for routine analysis of DFCT in tablet dosage form.
14 September 2012

ALTERING STATE OF AFFAIRS OF PACKAGING IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: A REVIEW

About Authors:
Nishant kumar gupta, *Aadesh kumar
Dept. of pharmacy BIT meerut
*adesh.adi.chaudhary@gmail.com

Abstract:
There was a point in time when packaging in pharmaceutical industry is symbolized for substantial safeguard, for identification and for merely endowing with a piece of information to any person who agree to it. But the changing scenario has been conveyed an assortment of changes, as in this day and age packaging provides the prevention of product tampering and counterfeiting, the assurance of product dispensing accuracy, child protection and the promotion of patient compliance with product dosage schedules. In the precedent time we used packaging materials, labels, holograms and some introductory communications; but these days together with them we use mobile applications, an innovative and creative unit, altering labeling standards, luxurious packaging, a packaging development team, anti-counterfeiting packaging extravaganza, hi-tech module for packaging demonstrate and an intelligent outlook. Packaging schoolwork has such an individual place in the market of counterfeit or fake drugs as nowhere. Packaging developer has an only effort to engender a special design that can competent with both fake brands and generic brand of that drug with ‘Me-too’ names.

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13 September 2012

EFFECT OF THIODIAZURON ON MULTIPLE SHOOT INDUCTION OF DIPLOID COTTON (G. ARBOREUM CV.PA255)

About Authors:
Nitin Deorao Rewatkar
Department of Biotechnology, Kamla Nehru College,
Sakkardara Square, Nagpur
nitinrewatkar@gmail.com

Abstract
The effect of TDZ on regeneration studies of cotton G.arboreum cv PA255 was performed for in-vitro culture studies, healthy and disease free seeds, after surface sterilization were inoculated on seed germination media. Seeds germination efficiency was observed to be 73.38%. Shoot tips and cotynode explants aseptically isolated from in Vitro germinated seedlings of 7 and 14 days old were inoculated on MS basal salt supplemented with 30 gm/L glucose, 10 mg/L thiamine, 100 mg/L Inositol with four different concentration of TDZ. The proliferation of 7 and 14 days old shoot tip was found to 100% in media combination with 0.08 TDZ and 0.02 TDZ respectively. Cotynode explants of 7 days old was 100% responded in 0.02 TDZ and 0.08 TDZ, 14 days old cotynode shows highest 85% explants responded in 0.02 TDZ media combination but multiple shoots observed higher in 0.05 TDZ medium.TDZ induces callus formation and inhibit root formation, TDZ shows good responsein very small concentration otherwise increase concentration more than 1 mg/l it shows toxic effect on explants and completely dried. Browning and subsequent death of the cultured explants are major problems in TDZ supplemented media. Calculate the amount of phenol excreted from shoot tip and cotynode during in vitro regeneration of cotton cv. PA255. In the media combination 0.1mg /L TDZ evaluate highest phenol secreted, shoot tip secrete average 0.014mg and cotynode secrete 0.022mg phenol by per explants.
13 September 2012

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF BIODEGRADABLE ALBUMIN MICROSPHERES OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM

About Authors:
Renu^1*, Shashi Kant^2*, Rajendra Yadav³, Amit Kumar Tyagi⁴
¹Faculty of Pharmacy, Shivdan Singh Institute of Technology and Management, Aligarh (U.P)
²Jubilant Chemsys Ltd, Noida,
³Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University Haridwar,
⁴Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, Meerut (U.P)
*shashi.pharma83@gmail.com

ABSTRACT :
Diclofenac is currently the eighth largest-selling drug and the most frequently used NSAID (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) in the world, since its introduction in Japan in 1974. Diclofenac is among the better tolerated NSAIDs. Only major adverse effect of Diclofenac is that it causes direct and indirect irritation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). To reduce the side effects on gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and to improve therapeutic efficacy of Diclofenac, it can be formulated in polymeric microspheres.
The use of polymeric carriers in formulations of therapeutic drug delivery systems has gained widespread application, due to their advantage of being biodegradable and biocompatible. Among the microparticulate systems, microspheres have a special importance since it is possible to target drugs and provide controlled release. Diclofenac sodium (DS), is a potent drug in the NSAID group having non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory properties, and is widely used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. In this present study, it was aimed to prepare microsphere formulations of DS using a natural biodegradable polymer as a carrier for administration to extend the duration period of the dosage form. Microsphere formulations of DS which were prepared were evaluated in vitro for particle size, yield value, encapsulation efficiency, surface morphology, and in vitro drug release.