Pharmaceutics Articles

About Authors:
S.Dinesh*, M.Senthil Kumar, Ashok kumar, Hariharan, jenish, Marshal joseph
Annai veilankanni’s pharmacy college
saidapet, chennai – 600 015.
Tamil nadu, pin:600015
*dinesh.pharmacy@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Cinitapride1-2, chemically4-amino-N[3-(Cyclohexan-1-yl-methyl)-4-piperidinyl]-2-ethoxy-5-nitrobenzamide has the molecular formula C₂₁H₃₀N₄O₄ and molecular weight 402.49 g.Cinitapride is a drug that has against action to the serotoninergic 5-HT₂ and D₂ dopaminergic receptors that has been indicated in the gastro esophageal reflux and in the functional disorders of gastrointestinal motility treatment, The present study was aimed to formulate and evaluvate the tablets containing Cinitapride based on floating  technique in order to increase gastric retention time, Total 9 formulation (F1-F9)were done using 3 different polymers like (HPMC k4m, HPMC e15m and HPMC k100m ). The formulations prepared were subjected to dissolution tests for 12 hrs, Among all the 9 formulation  formulation (F5) were able to efficiently control Cinitapride release over a time period of 12 hrs. Thus the results of the current study clearly indicate, a promising potential of the floating tablet as an alternative to conventional dosage form.

About Authors:
Jenish.R*, M.Senthil kumar, Dinesh, Ahokkumar, Marshel, Hariharan
Annai veilankanni’s college of pharmacy
Saidapet, Chennai-600015
Tamilnadu
*jenishnathan@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Alfuzosin is a non-subtype specific alpha(1)-adrenergic blocking agent that exhibits selectivity for alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors in the lower urinary tract. Inhibition of these adrenoreceptors leads to the relaxation of smooth muscle in the bladder neck and prostate, resulting in the improvement in urine flow and a reduction in symptoms in benign prostate hyperplasia. Alfuzosin also inhibits the vasoconstrictor effect of circulating and locally released catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine), resulting in peripheral vasodilation. The alfuzosin of the present investigation is designed to retain in the stomach and deliver the drug alfuzosin for longer periods of time. The developed floating provides increased absorption of the alfuzosin at a rate such that effective plasma levels can be achieved and maintained for a prolonged duration. Formulations 6 displayed drug release considered in 0.1N HCL and Formulation 6 shows better drug release in dissolution profile.

About Authors:
Kalpesh Ashara
Registered Pharmacist S.K.R.I.Medicines Centre, Rajkot, Gujarat, India,
M.Pharm Semester-I Student of B.K.Mody Govt.Pharmacy College Rajkot,
Department of Pharmaceutics GTU, Gujarat, India.
kalpeshashara@yahoo.com, kalpeshshr5@gmail.com*

Abstract:
Spectrophotometry is an attractive method for PKa determination in very diluted aqueous solution about 10^-5 to 10^-6M provided that the compound possesses P^H dependent light absorption due to the presence of a chromospheres in proximity to the ionization centers. Traditionally 6 to 8 aliquot solutions of samples in identical concentrations but with different P^H values are prepared & their absorption spectra are registered at single wavelength. This series of solutions can be generated by either preparing the sample in buffer solutions of known P^H or titrating the sample solution e.g. alkalimetry. Then half the absorbance of maximum plotted on graph & interpolated on x-axis that will give value of P^H is Pka  & negative Antilog of that value at base 10 give value of ka i.e. Dissociation Constant (Pka=-logka). This exercise is carrying out in below assignment.

About Authors:
Jatin  Patel^1*, Prof. Rajesh Kumar Dholpuria², Dhiren Shah^1
2(Professor, Head of Department of pharmacognosy),
¹Seth G.L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education,
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research,
Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, INDIA
*Patelj313@yahoo.in

ABSTRACT
Patent Right varies from country to country. In India the law which govern patent right is "Indian Patent Act 1970". Indian Patent Act, 1970 grants exclusive right to the inventor for his invention for limited period of time. Generally 20 years time has been granted to the patent holder but in case of inventions relating to manufacturing of food or drugs or medicine it is for seven years from the date of patent. There is certain legal procedure which needs to be followed in order to register. There are several attorney helping inventor in patent registration by providing them best well informed knowledge. In India patent registration can be filed individually or jointly. In case of deceased inventor this can be done his legal representative on behalf of him. All the required documents need to be filed along with the application form. Only after verification registration certificate is provided to the applicant.

About Authors:
*Tarun Patel, Prof. Dr. Vipin Kukkar, Krunal Parik
Seth G.L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education,
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research,
Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, INDIA
*tarunpatel35@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
In pharma industry Packaging and Labelling plays very important role for improvements of attraction to human beings. So by improving our packaging and labeling style we can easily improve our product market value. Green packaging is also an alternative to make packaging more environmental friendly which would not affect the nature in any way. The most desirable solution is “use less, discard less, save more, reuse more”In this review article we discuss briefly about the requirement of packaging and labeling control of product according to different GMPs.

About Authors:
Dhirendra C. Patel^1*, Ritesh B. Patel¹, Gargi B. Patel^2
1Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology;
S.K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research;
Ganpat University, Kherva, Mehsana, Gujarat, India.
²Pharma Management & Regulatory Affairs,
K.B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
*dhiren.pharmacy@gmail.com

Abstract:
Oral controlled drug delivery systems represent the most popular form of controlled drug delivery systems for the obvious advantages of oral route of drug administration. However, there are certain conditions for which such a release pattern is not suitable like cardiovascular diseases, Diabetes mellitus, Asthma, Arthritis, Peptic ulcer etc. In such cases pulsatile drug delivery system is used in which release drug on programmed pattern i.e. at appropriate time & at appropriate site of action. Pulsatile Drug Delivery systems are basically time controlled drug delivery systems in which the system controls the lag time independent of environmental factors like pH, enzymes, gastro-intestinal motility, etc. The principle rationale for the use of pulsatile release is for the drugs where a constant drug release, i.e., a zero-order release is not desired. In chronopharmacotherapy drug administration is synchronized with biological rhythms to produce maximal therapeutic effect & minimum harm for the patient. Technically, pulsatile drug delivery systems administered via the oral route could be divided into two distinct types, the time controlled delivery systems and the site-specific delivery systems, thus providing special and temporal delivery. In recent pharmaceutical applications involving pulsatile delivery; multiparticulate dosage forms (e.g. pellets) are gaining much favor over single-unit dosage forms. Various pulsatile technologies have been developed on the basis of methodologies, these includes ACCU-BREAK™, AQUALON,  CODAS®, PRODAS^®, SODAS®, MINITABS^®, DIFFUCAPS®, OROS® etc. Designing of proper pulsatile drug delivery will enhance the patient compliance, optimum drug delivery to the target side & minimizing the undesired effects.

About Authors:
Deepjyoti Kumari
M.Pharm (Pharmaceutics)
Dadhichi College of Pharmacy, BPUT, Orissa
deepjyoti987@gmail.com

Abstract:
The aim of this reviewis to introduce the basic principles of drug targeting as they have evolved over previous decades. The most important chemical features and biological behavioural characteristics of the carrier molecules exploited for drug targeting purposes will be addressed. Furthermore, a selection of drug targeting preparations that are either in the stage of clinical testing or have been approved for application in the clinic is discussed. As the basis of drug development lies in the understanding of the molecular basis of diseases, selective interference with regulatory processes in health and disease by drug targeting will become a powerful technology. Drug targeting can, in this respect, serve both as a therapeutic approach and as a research tool in unravelling the functions of these processes in normal physiology and under patho-physiological conditions.

About Authors:
*C.P.Meher,  S.P.Sethy,  S. M Ahmed
Department of pharmaceutical Chemistry, Maheshwara college of Pharmacy,
chitkul (V), Isnapur “X” Road,  patancheru, Hyderabad.
*chaitanyameher84@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:-
Heterocyclic chemistry is vastly expanding because of the enormous amount of research work being done in this area. Heterocyclic compound are very widely distributed in nature and are particularly important because of the wide variety of physiological activities associated with this class of substances . A great deal of research is carried out to prepare new heterocyclic molecules having therapeutic uses.[1] and also so many heterocyclic derivative are synthesized till now having desired pharmacological effect. Out of them oxazole & isoxazole derivatives are catagorised in a higher position as the other heterocyclic compound possess in the hetero-chemistry. The present review is concern with the comparative study of the derivative of oxazole & isoxazole derivatives  along with their pharmacological effects.

About Authors:
Patel Chirag J^1*, Satyanand Tyagi², Patel Jaimin^1
1Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jaipur, Rajasthan.
²President, Tyagi Pharmacy Association & Scientific Writer (Pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India.
*chirag.bangalore@gmail.com, +918000501871

ABSTRACT:
Now a day about 74% of drugs are taken orally and are found not to be as effective as desired either due to bioavailability problems or degradation of drug in acidic pH of stomach. To resolve such problems, transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) was emerged. Transdermal drug delivery systems are dosage forms involves drug transport to viable epidermal and dermal tissues of the skin for local therapeutic effect while a very major fraction of drug is transported into the systemic blood circulation. Transdermal drug delivery systems, also known as ‘‘patches,’’ are dosage forms designed to deliver a therapeutically effective amount of drug across a patient’s skin. This review article provides an overview of TDDS, advantages, limitations, various components of TDDS, methods of preparation, types of transdermal patches, factors affecting transdermal permeation, evaluation parameters and new approaches in TDDS.