Skip to main content

CHEMISTRY ON PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS: AN OVERVIEW

 

Clinical courses

{ DOWNLOAD AS PDF }

ABOUT AUTHORS:
Donthineni Kalyan*1, V. Sravanthi2, Mayure vijay kumar2
1Department of pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vikas College of Pharmaceutical Sciences.
2Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, Maheshwara College of Pharmacy
Rayanigudem -508 376.
Suryapet, Nalgonda District. Andhra Pradesh. INDIA
*kalyandonthineni@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
A natural substance that acts to control plant activities are Plant growth regulators and often called phytohormones to regulate growth, development and responses to stimuli. Which includes hormones and non-nutrient chemicals not found naturally in plants that when applied in plants, influence their growth and development. Changes in phytohormone levels result in gene activation shifts. This paper accomplishes the review article on chemistry of the novel plant growth regulators according to their medications, and has been discussed according to the types of plant growth regulators.

INTRODUCTION:
Plant growth regulators/plant hormones are chemicals which are related to the growth of the plant are known as 'plant growth substances'. Low concentrated signal molecules are produced in the plant were the hormone cells regulate the cells locally and moved to other locations1,2. Two types of plant growth regulators are used in the nature named as Natural and Synthetic types:


Natural PGH= generated by the plant
Synthetic PGH= Development done by the humans

Both the groups regulate:
· Cell division
· Cell differential
· Root and shoot growth
· Plant aging


The following are the classification of Plant Growth Regulators:
· Auxins
· Gibberilins
· Cytokinenins
· Abscisic acid
· Ethylene

The following are the chemistry of the classified plant growth regulators:


ANTI-AUXINS:


CYTOKININS:

DEFOLIANTS:

ETHYLENE INHIBITORS and ETHYLENE RELEASERS; GAMETOCIDES and GIBBERELLINS:

GROWTH INHIBITORS:

MORPHACTINS and GROWTH RETARDANTS:

GROWTH STIMULATORS:

UNCLASSIFIED PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS:

REFERENCES:
1.Tarakhovskaya, E. R.; Maslov, Yu, I.; Shishova, M. F: Phytohormones in algae. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2000; 54(2): 163-170
2. link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00029903
3."WHO cooperative trial on primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease with clofibrate to lower serum cholesterol: final mortality follow-up. Report of the Committee of Principal Investigators". Lancet 2 8403: 600–4. September 1984
4.Thimann KV, Bonner WD. THE ACTION OF TRI-IODOBENZOIC ACID ON GROWTH. Plant Physiol. 1948 Jan;23(1):158–161
5.4-CPA Data Sheet, alanwood.net
6."Industry Task Force II on 2, 4-D Research Data". 24d.org. 2010-07-15. Retrieved 2014-05-03.
7.Extension Toxicology Network: Pesticide Information Profiles". Archived from the original on 10 May 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2008.
8. alanwood.net/pesticides/2,4-dep.html
9.Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) for Dichlorprop-p (2,4-DP-p), US EPA, August 29, 2007
10.Consumer Fact Sheet from the United States Environmental Protection Agency
11.Furukawa, Satoshi; Usuda, Koji; Abe, Masayoshi; Ogawa, Izumi. "Effect of Indole-3-Acetic Acid Derivatives on Neuroepithelium in Rat Embryos". The Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 2005; 30 (3): 165–74.
12.M.J. Benotti, F.P. Lee, R.A. Rieger, C.R. Iden, C.E. Heine, B.J. Brownawell HPLC/TOF-MS: an alternative to LC/MS/MS for sensitive and selective determination of polar organic contaminants in the aquatic environment Ferrer Imma, E.M. Thurman (Eds.), Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, MS/MS and Time of Flight MS, American Chemical Society, New York 2003, pp. 109–127
13.Sreekanth, R; Prasanthkumar, KP; Sunil Paul, MM; Aravind, UK; Aravindakumar, CT "Oxidation reactions of 1- and 2-naphthols: an experimental and theoretical study.". The journal of physical chemistry. 7 November 2013. A 117 (44): 11261–70.
14.Pamela Sodhy. The US-Malaysian nexus: Themes in superpower-small state relations. Institute of Strategic and International Studies, Malaysia.1991; pp. 284–290.
15.Siddiqui, M. W.; Bhattacharjya, A.; Chakraborty, I. and Dhua, R. S. 6-benzylaminopurine improves shelf life, organoleptic quality, and health-promoting compounds of fresh-cut broccoli florets. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2011;70 (6): 461- 465.
16.Amasino, R. "1955: Kinetin Arrives. The 50th Anniversary of a New Plant Hormone". Plant Physiology,2005; 138 (3): 1177–1184.
17.Auchmoody, L.R.; Wendel, G.W. (1973). "Effect of calcium cyanamide on growth and nutrition of plan fed yellow-poplar seedlings". U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
18.Bahadir, Parlar, Spiteller: Springer environmental lexicon. SPRINGER, 2000, p-322.
19. "1994 Joint meeting of the FAO panel of experts on pesticide residues in food and the environment." UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 1994.
20.Fiege, H.; Voges, H.-M.; Hamamoto, T; Umemura, S.; Iwata, T.; Miki, H.; Fujita, Y.; Buysch, H.-J.; Garbe, D.; Paulus, W. "Phenol Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (Weinheim: Wiley-VCH). 2000.
21.U.S. Patent 6455466, "Compositions and methods for preventing leaf yellowing in plants", 24 September 2002 The Regents of the University of California.
22.Synthesis Methods, Complexes and Delivery Methods for the Safe and Convenient Storage, Transport and Application of Compounds for Inhibiting the Ethylene Response in Plants, US Patent 6,017,849, James Daly and Bob Kourelis, January 25, 2000
23.Wilcox et al, "Chemical abscission of 'Valencia' organes by glyoxime (CGA-22911." Proc. Florida State Horticultural Society, 1974, 22-24
24.M.A. Foersterling, "Über die Einwirkung von Hydrazinhydrat auf Phtalsäure- und Maleïnsäureanhydrid". J. Prakt. Ch. 51 (1895) blz. 371-398
25.Davière, Jean-Michel; De Lucas, Miguel; Prat, Salomé ."Transcriptional factor interaction: A central step in DELLA function".Current Opinion in Genetics & Development,2008; 18 (4): 295
26.Riley, John M. "Gibberellic Acid for Fruit Set and Seed Germination". Retrieved 26 Oct 2012.
27."Abscisic Acid - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 22 October 2011
28.Thomas A. Unger: Pesticide Synthesis Handbook .William Andrew, 1996, p 544 (limited preview on Google Book Search).
29.D. Gangolli, Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain): The Dictionary of Substances and Their Effects (DOSE): Volume 01 A-B. Royal Society of Chemistry, 1999, pp. 786.
30.Thomas A. Unger. Pesticide synthesis handbook (Google Books excerpt). William Andrew. 1996; pp. 67–68.
31.Lentza-Rizos, Chaido; Balokas, Alfaios. "Residue Levels of Chlorpropham in Individual Tubers and Composite Samples of Postharvest-Treated Potatoes". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2001; 49 (2): 710–4.
32."Daminozide toxicity, publication date: 9/93". Extension Toxicology Network. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
33.U.S. Patent 4002628, "Novel fluoroalkoxyphenyl-substituted nitrogen heterocycles" of January 11, 1977 Eli Lilly and Company
34.Grove, M.D., Spencer, G.F., Rohwedder, W.K., Mandava, N., Worley, J.F., Warthen, J.D., Ste€ens, G.L., Flippen-Anderson, J.L. and Cook, J.C. "Brassins: a new family of plant hormones from rape pollen". Nature,1979; 225(5237): 1065–66.
35.De Carvalho, C. C. C. R; Da Fonseca, M. M. R. "Carvone: Why and how should one bother to produce this terpene". Food Chemistry,2006; 95 (3): 413–422
36."Choline chloride". Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) for High Production Volume Chemicals. IPCS INCHEM.
37.Masse molaire calculée d’après « Atomic weights of the elements 2007 »[archive], sur chem.qmul.ac.uk.
38. antibiotics.toku-e.com/antimicrobial 548.html
39.Shavit, Elinoar; Shavit, Efrat. "Lead and Arsenic in Morchella esculenta Fruitbodies Collected in Lead Arsenate Contaminated Apple Orchards in the Northeastern United States: A Preliminary Study". Fungi Magazine Spring 2010, 3 (2): 11–18
40.Thomas A. Unger: Pesticide Synthesis Handbook .William Andrew, 1996 , p 797

REFERENCE ID: PHARMATUTOR-ART-2234

PharmaTutor (ISSN: 2347 - 7881)

Volume 2, Issue 9

Received On: 24/06/2014; Accepted On: 29/06/2014; Published On: 01/09/2014

How to cite this article: K Donthineni, V Sravanthi, VK Mayure; Chemistry on Plant Growth Regulators: An overview; PharmaTutor; 2014; 2(9); 68-80

NOW YOU CAN ALSO PUBLISH YOUR ARTICLE ONLINE.

SUBMIT YOUR ARTICLE/PROJECT AT articles@pharmatutor.org

Subscribe to Pharmatutor Alerts by Email

FIND OUT MORE ARTICLES AT OUR DATABASE