Discuss non first order spectra in PMR spectroscopy and its resolution by shift reagents, deuterium labeling and other methods.

Q.3. (c) Discuss non first order spectra in PMR spectroscopy and its resolution by shift reagents, deuterium labeling and other methods.

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Ans.3.(c) Non-first order splitting: The N+1 rule cannot predict the exact splitting patternof non-first order splitting. First order splitting produces “normal” splittingpatterns that have equal J values. Non-first order splitting occurs when a nucleusspin-couples with 2 or more sets of nearby nuclei that have different J values. Example of First Order Splitting and Non-First Order:

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