Biotechnology Articles

3 January 2013

EFFECT OF LYOPHILIZATION AND CRYOPRESERVATION ON PLANT LEAVES OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA TERMINALIA CATAPPA, TERMINALIA CHEBULA, JATROPHA GOSSYPIFOLIA, JATROPHA CURCAS

About Authors:
¹Hardik R. Patel*, ²Upanita C. Patel
¹Industrial biotechnologist, ²Microbiologist
Anand, Gujarat, India.
*hardikigbt@gmail.com

INTRODUCTION:
Cryopreservation and lyophilization of plant germplasm has obvious advantages over in vitro storage in term of space saving and improved phytosanitation. We compared cryopreserved and lyophilized leaf as sources for genomic DNA isolation by CTAB protocol and PVP protocol.Our results showed that cryopreservation of leaf tissue yielded high molecular weight genomic DNA. The DNA was suitable for restriction-enzyme digestion and as a template for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. While these results rule out cryopreserved tissue as a source for DNA isolation, the ability to freeze-dry, powder, and efficiently store voluminous tissue samples for later use in DNA and protein isolation could be of great benefit to laboratories involved in molecular genetics and molecular biology.
19 December 2012

EFFECT OF CRYOPRESERVATION, LYOPHILIZATION ON DNA EXTRACTION PROTOCOL OF ACACIA ARABICA, ACACIA SINUATA, PROSOPIS SPICIGERA, ADENANTHERA PAVONINA AND ACACIA AURICULIFORMIS

About Authors:
Hardik R. Patel
Industrial Biotechnology from Sardar Patel University,
Gujarat, India.
hardikigbt@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Cryopreservation and lyophilization of plant germplasm has obvious advantages over in vitro storage in term of space saving and improved phytosanitation. We compared cryopreserved and lyophilized leaf as sources for genomic DNA isolation by CTAB protocol and PVP protocol.Our results showed that cryopreservation of leaf tissue yielded high molecular weight genomic DNA. The DNA was suitable for restriction-enzyme digestion and as a template for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. While these results rule out cryopreserved tissue as a source for DNA isolation, the ability to freeze-dry, powder, and efficiently store voluminous tissue samples for later use in DNA and protein isolation could be of great benefit to laboratories involved in molecular genetics and molecular biology.
4 December 2012

HEALTH BENEFITS AND DRAW BACKS OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED/ GENETICALLY MODIFIED (GM) TOMATOES: AN OVERVIEW

About Authors:
Satyanand Tyagi^1*, Patel Chirag J¹, Patel Jaimin¹, Chaudhari Bharat¹, Ram Narayan Prajapati³
¹*President, Tyagi Pharmacy Association & Scientific Writer (Pharmacy),
Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
Prof. Satyanand Tyagi is a life time member of various pharmacy professional bodies like IPA, APTI and IPGA. He has published various research papers, review articles and short communications. He is member of Editorial Advisory Board for some reputed Pharmacy Journals. He is recently appointed as an Author for International Pharmaceutical Writers Association (IPWA). (Appointed as an author for the chapters of book on Pharmaceutical Chemistry). His academic work includes 62 Publications (52 Review Articles, 08 Research Articles and 02 short Communications of Pharmaceutical, Medicinal and Clinical Importance, published in standard and reputed National and International Pharmacy journals; Out of 62 publications, 11 are International Publications). His research topics of interest are neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes mellitus, cancer, rare genetic disorders, psycho-pharmacological agents as well as epilepsy.
²Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302020.
³Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India-284128.
*sntyagi9@yahoo.com, +91-9871111375/09582025220

ABSTRACT:
A Genetically Modified (GM) tomato, or transgenic tomato or genetically engineered is a tomato that has had its genes modified, using genetic engineering. The first commercially available genetically modified food was a tomato engineered to have a longer shelf life. Currently there are no genetically modified tomatoes available commercially, but scientists are developing tomatoes with new traits like increased resistance to pests or environmental stresses. Other projects aim to enrich tomatoes with substances that may offer health benefits or be more nutritious.
15 October 2012

Applications of Biosensors technology : Future trends development and new intervation in biotechnology

About Author:
KIRANKUMAR K. VAGHASIYA
M.Sc. Biotechnology
Bhagwan Mahavir College Of Biotechnology, Surat
* vaghasiyakiran51@yahoo.co.in

Abstract:
Biosensors can be excellent analytical tools for monitoring programs working to implement legislation.Biosensor are analytical devices which are capable of providing either qualitative or quantitative results. Biosensor technology to be in a very early stage of development. There are many market opportunities. In this article, biosensors for environmental analysis and monitoring are extensively reviewed. Examples of biosensors for the most important families of environmental pollutants, including some commercial devices, are presented. Finally, future trends in biosensor development are discussed. In this context, bioelectronics, nanotechnology, environmental pollution, and especially biotechnology seem to be growing areas that will have marked influence on the development of new biosensing strategies in the next future.At present There are various types of biosensor available for the number of industrial and diagnostic Applications.
14 October 2012

Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay- An overview

About Authors:
Krunal Parikh^*, Mr. Maheshkumar Kataria, Jatin Patel, Tarun Patel, Dhiren Shah
Seth G. L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research,
Sriganganagar, India
*Krunal_2922@yahoo.in

ABSTRACT
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are plate-based assays designed for detecting and quantifying substances such as peptides, proteins, antibodies and hormones. Other names, such as enzyme immunoassay (EIA), are also used to describe the same technology. In an ELISA, an antigen must be immobilized to a solid surface and then complexed with an antibody that is linked to an enzyme. Detection is accomplished by assessing the conjugated enzyme activity via incubation with a substrate to produce a measureable product. The most crucial element of the detection strategy is a highly specific antibody-antigen interaction. There are three methods of ELISA. Each type of ELISA can be used qualitatively to detect the presence of antibody or antigen. Alternatively, a standard curve based on known concentration of antibody or antigen is prepared, from which the unknown concentration of a sample can be determined.
14 October 2012

A Review Green biotechnology - a help to the environment

About Authors:
Kiran K.Vaghasiya*, Alpesh J.Shiroya
Bhagwan Mahavir College Of Biotechnology ,
Surat
*vaghasiyakiran51@yahoo.co.in

Abstract
Green biotechnologydeals with the use of environmentally-friendly solutions as an alternative to traditional agriculture, horticulture, and animal breeding processes. An example is the designing of transgenic plants that are modified for improved flavor, for increased resistance to pests and diseases, or for enhanced growth in adverse weather conditions. Genetically enhanced crops are one tool that could contribute to a more harmonious balance between food production and our surrounding environment. The overall message is that biotech plants can, and already do, contribute positively to reducing CO2 emissions and anticipating the impact of climate change on food scarcity. This will increase as they are more widely adopted. This document aims to provide background information about the role green biotech currently plays, and can play in future, in helping to combat climate change.
21 September 2012

BIOSENSOR - Micro electrochemical device

About Authors:
Vedant M. Pandya
Department of biotechnology, shree M & N Virani science college,
Rajkot, India-360005
vedantpandya007@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
A biosensor is a device for the detection of an analyte that combines a biological component with physicochemical detector components. An integrated device consisting of a biological recognition element & a transducer capable of detecting the biological reaction & converting it into a signal which can be processed. Ideally, the sensor shod be self-contained, so that it is not necessary to add reagents to the sample matrix to obtain the desired response. There are a number of analytes which are measured in biological media: pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, partial pressure of oxygen & the ionic concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium & chloride. Biosensors are typically classified by the type of recognition element or transduction element employed. Sensors might be described as a catalytic biosensor if it is recognition element comprised an enzyme or series of enzymes, a living tissue slice, or whole cells derived from microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, or yeast. The sensor might be described as a bioaffinity sensor if the basis of operation were a biospecific complex formation. Accordingly, the reaction of an antibody with an antigen or hapten, or the reaction of an ageist or antagonist with a receptor, could be employed. In the former case, the sensor might be called an immunosensor. Since, enzyme-based sensor measure the rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction as the basis for their response, any physical measurement which yield a quantity related to this rate can be used for detection. The enzyme may be immobilized on the end of an optical fiber, & the spectroscopic properties related to the disappearance of the reactants or appearance of products of the reaction can be measured. Since biochemical reaction can be either endothermic or exothermic. Miniaturized thermistor based calorimeter called thermistos, have been developed & widely applied, especially for bioprocess monitoring.
17 September 2012

RECENT ADVANCES OF LACCASE ENZYME IN INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY : A REVIEW

About Authors:
Alpeshkumar J.Shiroya*
Bhagwan Mahavir College Of Biotechnology,
Surat
alpeshshiroya45@yahoo.in

ABSTRACT
Laccases are an interesting group of multi-nuclear copper-containing oxidoreductases, which have been subject of intensive research in last decades due to their ability to oxidize both phenolic and nonphenolic lignin related compounds as well as highly recalcitrant environmental pollutants, which makes them very useful for their application to several biotechnological processes. These oxidase enzymes catalyze oxidation of substrates at the expense of molecular oxygen and produce water as the only by-product. Lacasses are present in higher plants, bacteria, fungi, insects and lichens. The oxidative ability of laccases is employed in a number of industrial and environmental applications including bioremediation, food technology, nanobiotechnology, medicine, pulp and paper industry, textile industry, and cosmetology. Owing to its versatility, laccase is continuously under investigation for new applications. In the recent years, laccases are also used as cleaning agents for certain water purification systems, as catalysts for the manufacture of anti-cancer drugs and even as ingredients in cosmetics. More recently, it is also used in the design of biosensors, biofuel cells, as a medical diagnostics tool and bioremediation agent to clean up herbicides, pesticides and certain explosives in soil. This paper reviews the occurrence, mode of action, general properties, production, immobilization, molecular cloning, and important application of laccases within different industrial and biotechnological area.
13 September 2012

EFFECT OF THIODIAZURON ON MULTIPLE SHOOT INDUCTION OF DIPLOID COTTON (G. ARBOREUM CV.PA255)

About Authors:
Nitin Deorao Rewatkar
Department of Biotechnology, Kamla Nehru College,
Sakkardara Square, Nagpur
nitinrewatkar@gmail.com

Abstract
The effect of TDZ on regeneration studies of cotton G.arboreum cv PA255 was performed for in-vitro culture studies, healthy and disease free seeds, after surface sterilization were inoculated on seed germination media. Seeds germination efficiency was observed to be 73.38%. Shoot tips and cotynode explants aseptically isolated from in Vitro germinated seedlings of 7 and 14 days old were inoculated on MS basal salt supplemented with 30 gm/L glucose, 10 mg/L thiamine, 100 mg/L Inositol with four different concentration of TDZ. The proliferation of 7 and 14 days old shoot tip was found to 100% in media combination with 0.08 TDZ and 0.02 TDZ respectively. Cotynode explants of 7 days old was 100% responded in 0.02 TDZ and 0.08 TDZ, 14 days old cotynode shows highest 85% explants responded in 0.02 TDZ media combination but multiple shoots observed higher in 0.05 TDZ medium.TDZ induces callus formation and inhibit root formation, TDZ shows good responsein very small concentration otherwise increase concentration more than 1 mg/l it shows toxic effect on explants and completely dried. Browning and subsequent death of the cultured explants are major problems in TDZ supplemented media. Calculate the amount of phenol excreted from shoot tip and cotynode during in vitro regeneration of cotton cv. PA255. In the media combination 0.1mg /L TDZ evaluate highest phenol secreted, shoot tip secrete average 0.014mg and cotynode secrete 0.022mg phenol by per explants.
29 August 2012

siRNA TECHNOLOGY:AN EMERGING TREND IN THERAPEUTICS

About Authors:
Vaibhav Patel*, Punit Bhatnagar, Gopal Rai, Alok Pal Jain
Guru Ramdas Khalsa Institute of Science & Technology (Pharmacy),
Jabalpur
*vaibhavpatel281@gmail.com

Introduction
Gene therapy by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) hasbeen emerging as innovative nucleic acid medicines with increasing knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of endogenous RNA interference. Gene silencingis a promising tool for the treatment of numerous human diseases that cannot be cured by rational therapies. The primary success of siRNA applications depends on suitable vectors to deliver therapeutic genes.

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Biotechnology Articles

EFFECT OF LYOPHILIZATION AND CRYOPRESERVATION ON PLANT LEAVES OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA TERMINALIA CATAPPA, TERMINALIA CHEBULA, JATROPHA GOSSYPIFOLIA, JATROPHA CURCAS

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