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Volume-1

 

Clinical courses

  • A REVIEW ON CHALCONES AND ITS IMPORTANCE

    About Authors:
    Vishwanadham Yerragunta*, T.Kumara swamy, D.Suman, V.Anusha, Prathima Patil, T. Samhitha
    Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
    Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research,
    Narsapur, Medak – 502313, A.P.
    Vishwanadham.y@gmail.com

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    Abstract:
    Chalcones are precursor compounds for flavonoids biosynthesis in plants, and they can also be synthesized in laboratory. Chalcones possess a broad spectrum of biological activities including antioxidative, antibacterial, antihelmintic, amoebicidal, antiulcer, antiviral, insecticidal, antiprotozoal, anticancer, cytotoxic and immunosuppressive. Changes in their structure have offered a high degree of diversity that has proven useful for the development of new medicinal agents having improved potency and lesser toxicity and good pharmacological actions. Chalcones became an object of continued interest in both academia and industry. Nowadays, several chalcones are used for treatment of viral disorders, cardiovascular diseases, parasitic infections, pain, gastritis, and stomach cancer, as well as like food additives and cosmetic formulation ingredients. However, much of the pharmacological potential of chalcones is still not utilized. The purpose of this review is to describe the recent efforts of scientists in pharmacological screening of synthetic chalcones, studying importance of chalcones, and synthesis of pharmacologically active chalcones and their biological activities.

  • NATURALLY OCCURRING MYCOTOXINS – AFLATOXIN

    About Authors:
    Sahu Deepak*
    Ass. Professor, Geetanjali Institute of Pharmacy,
    Dabok, Udaipur [Rajasthan] – 313022
    deepak.sahu.bhl@gmail.com

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    Abstract:
    A toxin produced by mold that can damage the liver and may lead to liver cancer. Aflatoxins cause cancer in some animals. The fungi that produce aflatoxin grow on crops such as peanuts (especially) and wheat, corn, beans and rice. Aflatoxin is a problem particularly in undeveloped and developing countries.
    Aflatoxin is a naturally occurring mycotoxin produced by two types of mold: Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aspergillus flavus is common and widespread in nature and is most often found when certain grains are grown under stressful conditions such as drought. The mold occurs in soil, decaying vegetation, hay, and grains undergoing microbiological deterioration and invades all types of organic substrates whenever and wherever the conditions are favorable for its growth. Favorable conditions include high moisture content and high temperature. At least 13 different types of aflatoxin are produced in nature with aflatoxin B1 considered as the most toxic. While the presence of Aspergillus flavus does not always indicate harmful levels of aflatoxin it does mean that the potential for aflatoxin production is present.1,2,3

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